Shafer Preface

Question 1

Party Balance (P)

Answer 1

1. The comparative standing of the two major parties in American society

Question 2

Ideological Polarization (I)

Answer 2

1. The programmatic distance between the main contending forces in politics (left, right, etc)

Question 3

Substantive Conflict (S)

Answer 3

1. The policy content of what is at stake in each successive period
2. D means more healthcare, R is military spending, etc

Question 4

Policy Making Process

from PIS

Answer 4

1. Combo of Party Balance, Ideological Polarization, and substantive conflict
2. Extends over specific periods
3. Create stable operating patterns via the 3 main points, PIS.