Shafer Chapter 2 Terms

Question 1

Breakdown of Party Identification in Late New Deal (Figure 2.1)

Answer 1

1. Just over 50% were Democrats, but 25% of those Democrats identified as weak ones
2. Democrats outnumbered Republicans
3. Small increase of independents/leaners.

Question 2

The Four Congressional Factions in the Late New Deal/Their stances on Ecnomic Welfare (EW), Foreign Affairs (FA), and Civil Rights (CR)

Answer 2

1. Northern Democrats- Pro Welfare, Civil Rights, pivot in Foreign Affairs
2. Southern Democrats- Pivot in Welfare, against Civil Rights, Pro Foreign Affairs
3. Regular Republicans- Anti-welfare/foreign affairs, pivot in Civil Rights
4. Northeastern Republicans- Pivot factions in each category

Question 3

Significance of Brown v. Board of Education decision in this era

Answer 3

1. Got rid of the separate but equal stance of Plessy v Fergueson (1896).
2. Moved to equality before the law in every regard
3. Gave the government the power to regulate certain aspects of social life

Question 4

Federal Housing Act of 1949

Answer 4

1. Created framework for housing policy

2. Large welfare debate of gov’t financing public housing/urban development

Question 5

Repeal of Arms Embargo in 1939

Answer 5

1. In response to German aggression/foreign affairs leading towards war
2. Illustrated that the U.S. was moving away from isolationist strategies, Southern Dems leading it

Question 6

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Answer 6

1. Created a committee to investigate/support minority voters, first CR bill since 1875
2. Did not include anything beyond voting rights
3. not much power behind it.

Question 7

Civil Rights Act of 1965

Answer 7

1. Similar in structure to 1957 Bill
2. Had greater power to protect Civil Rights in voting
3. Cut deals with Northern/Regular Republicans to make the bill less impactful in the North
4. Isolated Southern Democrats

Question 8

Shifting Coalitions over the Federal Highway Act of 1956

Answer 8

1. Initially supported by both parties
2. Division on funding/welfare for highways
3. Cooperation between Northern Dems/Northeastern Republicans vs Southern Democrats/Regular Republicans
4. Foreshadow of the future of the political parties.

Question 9

Bricker Amendment

Answer 9

1. Bricker challenged that executive agreements remain inoperative until Congress passed legislation
2. Feared increasing Executive Power by Presidents harmed Congress
3. Did not pass

Question 10

Incrementalism

Answer 10

1. belief in or advocacy of change by degrees

2. slow change in Late New Deal party patterns