SFP: small intestine, large intestine, portal venous system Flashcards
What are the segments of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Where does the ileum connect to the large intestine?
The cecum
The ___ of the small intestine is typically found in the upper left quadrant.
Jejunum
The ___ of the small intestine is typically found in the lower right quadrant.
Ileum
Which is thicker and wider, the jejunum or the ileum?
The jejunum
Compare the infoldings of mucosa of the jejunum and the ileum.
The mucosa of the jejunum has much more visible plicae circularis, while it may not be visible in the ileum.
Compare the lymphoid elements of the jejunum and ileum.
Not many at all in jejunum, but there are many (including Peyer’s patches) in the ileum.
The root of the mesentery crosses…
The aorta
What are vasa recta?
Intestinal branches within the mesentery
Compare vasa recta in mesentery associated with the jejunum vs ileum.
The structure/system is much more complex and thus shorter in the ileum. They are longer and simpler in the jejunum.
Compare the fat of the mesentery in the jejunum vs ileum.
The fat stops prior to the wall between the mesentery and jejunum, where it crosses over the wall in the ileum.
What veins merge to form the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric and splenic veins
The superior mesenteric vein is to the ___ of the artery.
Right
What is Meckel’s diverticulum the remnant of?
The vitelline duct
Where is Meckel’s diverticulum?
About 2 feet from the ileocecal junction
What is the hepatic flexure?
The point where the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon
What is the splenic flexure?
The point where the traverse colon becomes the descending colon
What portions of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?
Cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
What portions of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?
Ascending colon and descending colon
What is taenia coli?
“Ribbons” on the outside of the gut that create haustra coli
What does the mucosa of the large intestine look like?
It has semilunar folds due to the formation of haustra coli
What are epiploic appendices?
Tags of fat along the taenia coli
Where does the appendix originate?
The posterior medial wall of the cecum
What are the mesenteric folds of the large intestine?
Superior ileocecal fold, inferior ileocecal fold, and mesoappendix
Describe the blood supply of the cecum and appendix.
The main branch is the ileocolic artery, that forms superior and inferior branches. The inferior gives rise to the anterior cecal artery, the inferior gives rise to the posterior cecal artery. The posterior cecal artery gives rise to the appendicular branch that serves the appendix.
McBurney’s point is related to…
The appendix
What causes referred pain in appendicitis?
The viscera stretching at the level of T10 causes referred pain to the umbilicus.
What causes localized pain in appendicitis?
The inflamed appendix directly contacts the parietal peritoneum in the RLQ.
The ascending colon runs posterior to…
The coils of the small intestine and the greater omentum
The ascending colon is anterior to…
Posterior abdominal muscle and lower pole of the right kidney
What is significant about the transverse colon in terms of blood and nerve supplies?
It serves as a transition area from midgut to hindgut for both!
The transverse colon is posterior to…
The greater omentum
The transverse colon is anterior to…
Coils of the jejunum, and ileum
Where does the root of mesocolon and transverse colon cross?
Anterior to the 2nd part of duodenum and pancreas
The descending colon is posterior to…
Coils of small intestine and greater omentum
The descending colon is anterior to…
Muscles of posterior abdominal wall and lateral border of the left kidney
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
Ileocolic artery, right colic artery, and middle colic artery
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic artery and sigmoid branches
What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, 2/3rds of the transverse colon
What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
1/3rd of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid rectum, upper rectum
What do the greater splanchnic nerves supply?
Stomach and duodenum
What do the lesser splanchnic nerves supply?
Ileum, jejunum, ascending colon, proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon
What do the lumbar splanchnic supply?
Distal third of the transverse colon and descending colon
At what point do vagal trunks not provide parasympathetic innervation?
The distal third of the transverse colon
