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block 5 > SFP: esophagus, stomach, duodenum > Flashcards

SFP: esophagus, stomach, duodenum Flashcards

1
Q

At what spinal level does the esophagus meet the diaphragm?

A

T10

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2
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the aorta

A

Anterior

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3
Q

At the level of T12/within the abdomen, the esophagus passes __ to the right vagal trunk and ___ to the left vagal trunk

A

Anterior, posterior

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4
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the left lobe of the liver

A

Posterior

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5
Q

The abdominal esophagus passes ___ to the left crus of the diaphragm

A

Anterior

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6
Q

The stomach is __ to the abdominal musculature

A

Posterior

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7
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left costal margin

A

Posterior

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8
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left lung and pleural cavity

A

Posterior

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9
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left lobe of the liver

A

Posterior

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10
Q

The stomach is ___ to the lesser sac

A

Anterior

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11
Q

The stomach is ___ to the spleen

A

Anterior

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12
Q

The stomach is ___ to the left adrenal gland and kidney

A

Anterior

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13
Q

The stomach is ___ to the pancreas

A

Anterior

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14
Q

The stomach is ___ to the transverse colon

A

Anterior

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15
Q

What is the Z line?

A

The transition point where the esophagus meets the stomach

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16
Q

What is the lining of the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

What is the lining of the stomach?

A

Columnar/secretory epithelium

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18
Q

What is the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

A physiologic sphincter between the esophagus and stomach that helps keep the contents of the stomach from refluxing into the esophagus

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19
Q

How can the PSNS impact the gastroesophageal sphincter?

A

It stimulates contraction of circular muscle fibers in the sphincter, allowing for peristalsis to move contents into the stomach

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20
Q

What is gastrin?

A

A hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the gastroesophageal sphincter in the presence of food

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21
Q

What are 3 factors that help prevent reflux?

A
  1. The “sling” of the right crus of the diaphragm
  2. Flattened shape of esophagus
  3. Angle at union of stomach and esophagus
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22
Q

What are the 2 notches of the stomach?

A

Cardiac (left of the esophagus) and incisura angularis (right border between body and pyloric region)

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23
Q

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

A

Lesser and greater

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24
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus

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25
Q

What are the two portions of the pylorus?

A

Pyloric antrum and pyloric canal

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26
Q

What are rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds of the stomach mucosa; they flatten as the stomach expands

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27
Q

In what part of the stomach are rugae not found?

A

The fundus

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28
Q

Describe the pyloric sphincter.

A

It is composed of smooth muscle and surrounds the pyloric canal; it is both an anatomic and physiologic sphincter

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29
Q

What are the 3 layers of the stomach wall from external to internal?

A

Outer longitudinal, inner circular, innermost oblique

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30
Q

Where is the longitudinal layer of the stomach most concentrated?

A

Along the curvatures

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31
Q

Where in the inner circular layer of the stomach mostly found?

A

The body and pylorus

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32
Q

Describe the distribution of the oblique layer of the stomach wall.

A

It loops over the fundus and runs down the anterior and posterior walls parallel to the lesser curvature

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33
Q

How does the PSNS impact the pyloric sphincter?

A

It inhibits contraction of the circular smooth muscle fibers, leaving the sphincter relaxed and letting chyme pass into the duodenum

34
Q

How does the SNS impact the pyloric sphincter?

A

It constricts the circular smooth muscle, preventing chyme from passing to the duodenum

35
Q

When is the stomach more J shaped?

A

In taller, thin individuals

36
Q

When is the stomach steerhorn shaped?

A

Heavier, shorter individuals

37
Q

The lesser omentum reflects from the stomach as…

A

The hepatogastric ligament

38
Q

The hepatogastric ligament is continuous with…

A

The hepatoduodenal portion of the lesser omentum running from the first portion of the duodenum

39
Q

Describe how the visceral peritoneum reflects from the stomach.

A

Reflects from the body at the greater curvature and forms the gastrosplenic ligament

40
Q

Where does the greater omentum reflect from?

A

The greater curvature

41
Q

What branches of the abdominal aorta supply the digestive system?

A

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

42
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery

43
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

The lower third of the esophagus and the stomach

44
Q

What does the common hepatic artery give rise to?

A

Gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries

45
Q

The gastroduodenal artery gives rise to…

A

The right gastroepiploic artery

46
Q

Where does the right gastroepiploic artery run?

A

Along the greater curvature of the stomach in the greater omentum

47
Q

The right gastric artery runs…

A

Toward the pylorus along the lesser curvature

48
Q

What does the right gastric artery anastomose with?

A

The left gastric artery

49
Q

What does the splenic artery give rise to?

A

Short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic artery

50
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon

51
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper rectum

52
Q

Where does venous blood from the alimentary tract drain?

A

The portal venous system

53
Q

What veins form the portal vein?

A

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

54
Q

Which veins drain directly into the portal vein?

A

Right and left gastric veins

55
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein drains into the…

A

Splenic vein

56
Q

The short gastric and left gastroepiploic veins drain into the

A

Splenic vein

57
Q

The right gastroepiploic vein drains into the

A

Superior mesenteric vein

58
Q

What is the length of the duodenum?

59
Q

What is the plane of the duodenum?

A

Retroperitoneal

60
Q

The duodenum receives from which ducts?

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

61
Q

The duodenum is ___ to the epiploic foramen

62
Q

The duodenum is __ to the hepatoduodenal part of lesser omentum

63
Q

The duodenum is ___ to the gallbladder

64
Q

The duodenum is ___ to the quadrate lobe of the liver

65
Q

The duodenum is ___ to the IVC

66
Q

The duodenum is ___ to the portal vein

67
Q

What is the pilica circularis?

A

Inner mucosal folds of the first part of the duodenum

68
Q

What does the minor duodenal papilla receive?

A

The accessory pancreatic duct

69
Q

What is anterior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

Root of the mesentery and superior mesenteric vessels

70
Q

What is posterior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

IVC and aorta

71
Q

What is the blood supply for the duodenum?

A

Superior pancreatico-duodenal artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

72
Q

What are the two ligaments of the spleen?

A

Lienorenal ligament and gastrosplenic ligament

73
Q

Which ligament of the spleen does the splenic artery run through?

A

Lienorenal ligament

74
Q

The intestinal lymph trunk drains into…

A

Cisterna chyli

75
Q

Lymphatic drainage follows…

A

Arterial supply

76
Q

What are celiac nodes?

A

Lymphatic vessels that drain the liver, gallbladder, stomach, upper duodenum, and pancreas

77
Q

What are superior mesenteric nodes?

A

Lymphatic vessels that drain the lower duodenum and pancreas

78
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of abdominal viscera comes from…

A

The vagal trunks

79
Q

Where do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse?

A

Ganglia near or in the wall of the viscera

80
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera comes from…

A

The greater splanchnic nerve

81
Q

Where do postganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse?

A

Celiac ganglia

82
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves of the foregut originate? What is the significance of this?

A

T5-9; it is related to referred pain in those dermatomes

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