missed stuff Flashcards
what condition has fibrosis connecting central veins
cardiac sclerosis/cirrhosis
The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm by which of the following peritoneal ligaments
falciform ligament
relate the locations of the right hepatic artery and common hepatic duct
is passes posterior to the duct
regenerative nodules are seen in…
cirrhosis
what can elevate AFP
cirrhosis, HCC, pregnancy
what is the classic presentation of ascending cholangitis
jaundice, fever, RUQ pain
rotinkansky-aschoff sinus is associated with…
chronic cholecystitis
describe the presentation of neonatal hepatitis
failure to thrive, increasing jaundice, giant multinucleated hepatocytes, portal tract infiltrate
when do we see piecemeal necrosis
chronic and autoimmune hepatitis
describe the relationship between insulin and glucagon
they have opposite effects of blood sugar. however, when glucagon is active, it will also increase insulin activity. this is because glucagon will raise blood glucose, and insulin will be needed in order to bring that glucose into the cells
what does GLP do
stimulate insulin, inhibit glucagon, delay gastric emptying
serous demilunes are found in…
submandibular glands
what are the micronodular forms of cirrhosis
alcoholic and biliary
CA 19-9 is a marker for…
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
the right gastric artery branches off of…
the proper hepatic artery
the gastroduodenal artery branches off of…
the common hepatic artery
what is the most common lesion of the appendix
carcinoid tumor
what is the pathogenesis of whipples disease
whippeli invade and replicate within macrophages in the small intestine, leading to epithelial damage and malabsorption. they may also lead to systemic spread causing joint pain, CNS, and CVD symptoms.
what is seen on histology of whipples disease
foamy macrophages that are PAS stain positive
B12 is absorbed in…
the ileum
there is an area of obstruction from an encircling mass with superficial ulceration that is located at 20 cm. some may even say it looks like an apple core. what is it
colon adenocarcinoma
compare hematemesis in a mallory-weiss tear vs esophageal varices
in mallory-weiss, the emesis is painful. it is painless with esophageal varices.
what cancers does folate reduce risk of
pancreas, esophageal, colorectal
what cancers does selenium reduce risk of
prostate, lung, colorectal
what is the reservoir for yersinia
rodents
are peptic ulcers more common in the stomach or duodenum
duodenum
pernicious anemia is a risk factor for developing…
gastric carcinoma
(autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causes pernicious anemia and later potentially cancer)
what is the positioning of the SMA and SMV relative to the duodenum
they pass anterior to the third part of the duodenum
A 28-year-old male patient undergoes an open appendectomy. Postoperatively, he reports numbness and tingling in the skin over the anterior scrotum and upper medial thigh. Which nerve is most likely affected
ilioinguinal
how do corticoids impact blood glucose
they may raise it by promoting gluconeogenesis and reducing glucose uptake
which pancreatic endocrine tumor is the most likely to be malignant
gastrinoma
how is schistoma acquired
through the skin
what is a classic presentation of toxocara?
recent exposure to a cat or dog, urticaria, eosinophilia, and wheezing
which parasite does this egg belong to
enterobius
which parasite may cause petechiae in the colon
schistosoma mansoni
what 3 pathogens are humans not the definitive host for
toxoplasma, toxocara, echinococcus
anti-endomysial antibodies are associated with…
celiac
variceal bleeding is due to anastamoses between…
left gastric vein and lower esophageal veins
what is seen grossly in reye’s syndrome
microvesicular steatosis; NO necrosis
hepatitis causes what kind of cirrhosis
mixed micro and macronodular
alcoholic cirrhosis is what kind of cirrhosis
micronodular with a yellow-tan color
billiary cirrhosis causes what kind of cirrhosis
micronodular with a greenish color
post-necrotic cirrhosis causes what kind of cirrhosis
mixed macro and micro nodular
chorioretinitis is associated with…
toxoplasma
“pale bodies” and parallel fibrosis are buzz words for…
fibrolamellar variant of HCC
spider angiomas are a sign of…
cirrhosis
painless jaundice can be seen in…
pancreatic cancer
which bug is associated with peripheral neuropathy and pernicious anemia
diphyllobothrium
what is the spiral shaped gram negative rod
H. pylori
ground glass hepatocytes are seen in…
chronic hep b
where does the migratory motility complex occur
from the pyloric sphincter to ileocecal junction occurs following interdigestive period
A 6-year-old boy who has sickle cell disease develops an enlarged spleen. He is taken to the Emergency Department when there is a sudden drop in hemoglobin levels due to sequestration or pooling of erythrocytes in the spleen. Assuming that the human spleen has an open circulation, most of the erythrocytes would be trapped in which of the following components
red pulp chords
the rotation of the stomach impacts which structures
those in the foregut
