SFP: restrictive lung disease Flashcards
(33 cards)
Generally, describe restrictive airway diseases
The expansion of the lung is hindered either from something external to the lung or within the lung (often the latter)
What do restrictive lung diseases do to FVC, FEV1, and the FEV1/FVC ratio
Decrease FVC and FEV1 about equally, so the ratio is preserved
What is diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
The pathological pattern caused by ARDS that is characterized by rapid onset of life-threatening respiratory failure
What do we see in the exudative (early) stage of DAD
Edema; Heavy and wet lungs with hyaline membranes
What tends to happen to alveoli in the exudative stage of DAD
They collapse
What do we see in the proliferative stage of DAD
Type II pneumocyte proliferation, interstitial fibroblasts, macrophages, edema; grayish lungs
What do we see in the fibrotic stage of DAD
Fibrosis and honeycomb appearance; dense interstitial collagen
In what stage of DAD do macrophages accumulate
Proliferative
What is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
A pneumonia usually found in younger patients that is associated with autoimmune diseases
What is the onset of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
Acute
What is the histology of NSIP
Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages can be seen as well as foci of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
What may cause NSIP
Drugs or autoimmune diseases
What is the prognosis of NSIP
It varies, but better than UIP
What is usual interstitial pneumonia
An idiopathic pneumonia in older patients that is difficult to treat; it’s the worst of the fibrosing interstitial pneumonias. It progresses over months to years.
What is seen on x-ray in UIP
Bilateral interstitial disease
Describe the histology of UIP
Temporal heterogeneity (fibrosis of different ages), honeycombing, minimal inflammation, fibroblast
How do we treat UIP
We kinda don’t…many get transplants or die
What is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Polyps of young connective tissue in airspaces or airways
Why is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) considered interstitial?
It leads to interstitial inflammation
What is seen microscopically in COP
Fibroblasts and collagen
What is the pattern of desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Diffuse, bilateral, and in the lower lobes
What are the smoking related interstitial lung diseases
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia and respiratory bronchiolitis
Describe the histology of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)
Accumulation of macrophages and some lymphocytes and eosinophils. There is fine lamellar fibrosis
How can we treat DIP
Steroids
