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Block 4 > SFP: renal embryology > Flashcards

SFP: renal embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tissue of origin for the kidneys-ureters?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the tissue of origin for the bladder and distally?

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

What are the three sets of kidneys in fetal development?

A

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

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4
Q

Which of the fetal kidneys produce urine?

A

Mesonephros, metanephros

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5
Q

From which fetal kidney does the adult kidney derive?

A

Metanephros

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6
Q

When does the ureteric bud form?

A

Week 5

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7
Q

In males, what happens to mesonephric ducts?

A

They become the epididymis, ductus deferens, and ejaculator duct

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8
Q

In males, what happens to mesonephric tubules?

A

They become efferent ductules

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9
Q

In women, what happens to mesonephric ducts and tubules?

A

They have no functional derivatives and regress

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10
Q

What are the essential tissue masses required for the kidneys to develop?

A

Ureteric bud and metanephric mass; epithelial to mesenchymal interactions

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11
Q

What process forms epithelium of developing tubules?

A

MET

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12
Q

What is reciprocal induction?

A

Process of different tissues causing changes in each other due to secreted signals

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13
Q

What is GDNF?

A

Hormone secreted by metanephric cells that aids in ureteric bud formation by producing bud branching and promoting bud growth

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14
Q

What is the receptor for GDNF?

A

c-Ret

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15
Q

What is BMP?

A

It inhibits growth of the ureteric bud

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16
Q

What blocks BMP?

A

Gremlin

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17
Q

What does the ureteric bud form?

A

Ureters, renal pelvis, calyces, papillary ducts, collecting ducts, collecting tubules

18
Q

What does the metanephric mass form?

A

Renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

19
Q

What cell lineages are involved in forming a nephron?

A

Epithelial, mesenchymal, vascular endothelial

20
Q

What is the epithelial element of the nephron?

A

Ureteric bud

21
Q

What is the mesenchymal element of the nephron?

A

Metanephric blastema

22
Q

What is the vascular endothelial element of the nephron?

A

The surrounding mesoderm

23
Q

Describe the positioning of the kidneys in weeks 6-9.

A

They rotate medially and ascend into their abdominal position

24
Q

What structures is mesoderm responsible for?

A

Allantois, bladder, cloaca

25
Q

What causes renal agenesis?

A

Lack of one of the tissue masses or lack of signaling

26
Q

What does bilateral renal agenesis cause?

A

Decreased amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios)

27
Q

What causes renal hypoplasia?

A

Abnormal signaling during development

28
Q

What can happen to the normal kidney in renal hypoplasia?

A

Hypertrophy

29
Q

What causes supernumerary kidney?

A

Development of two ureteric buds

30
Q

What causes duplications of the ureter?

A

Splitting or branching of the ureteric bud

31
Q

What is pelvic kidney? What causes it?

A

Two kidneys on the same side of the body caused by abnormal migration

32
Q

What is crossed ectopia?

A

Abnormal migration causes two kidneys on the same side of the body that fuse

33
Q

What is horseshoe kidney?

A

Fusion of the kidneys as they begin to migrate; medial rotation is prevented

34
Q

What causes polycystic disease of the kidney?

A

Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2

35
Q

What causes ectopic ureteral orifices?

A

Metanephric diverticulum being in an abnormal location

36
Q

What complications arise from abnormal obliteration of the urachus?

A

Fistula, sinuses, and cysts

37
Q

What is the normal amount of amniotic fluid?

A

500-1000 mL

38
Q

What are the 4 sources of amniotic fluid?

A
  1. Diffusion through the decidua parietalis
  2. Diffusion through chorionic plate
  3. Diffusion through the skin before keratinization
  4. Renal and GI systems
39
Q

What are functions of amniotic fluid?

A
  1. Growth without pressure
  2. Barrier to infection
  3. Normal expansion of fetal lungs
  4. Prevents the fetus from adhering to the amnion
  5. Cushions against injury
  6. Controls embryo body temperature
  7. Enables the fetus to move freely, aiding muscular development
  8. Maintaining homeostasis of fluids and electrolytes
40
Q

What is a normal AFI?

A

8-18

Block 4 (28 decks)

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