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6. Microbiology > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

List 6 risk factors for STIs.

A

Non-modifiable:

  • Young age
  • Female (except gonorrhoea)
  • Living in big cities

Personal factors:

  • Partner choice (e.g. MSM)
  • Condom use

Network-based factors:
-Large sexual networks

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2
Q

List 6 principles of STI management.

A
  1. Definitive diagnosis before treatment
  2. Screen for accompanying STIs (esp. HIV)
  3. Simple treatment regimens
  4. Follow up after treatment
  5. Partner notification
  6. Non-judgemental patient support
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3
Q

What do you need to find out in a sexual history?

A 
5Ps:
Partners
Practices
Pregnancy
Past history
Protection

Last time they had sex
Location of sex

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4
Q

Which 2 tests would you do for gonorrhoea?

A

Urethral gram film

NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test)

  • Males: urine
  • Females: vulvovaginal swab
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5
Q

What is the main clinical feature of gonorrhoea?

A

Urethral discharge

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6
Q

What are the 2 complications of gonorrhoea?

A

Disseminated gonorrhoea

Drug resistant gonorrhoea

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7
Q

List 3 features of disseminated gonorrhoea.

A

Painful joints
Small skin lesions
Joint swelling

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8
Q

List the 3 components of gonorrhoea treatment.

State dose, administration and duration of any drugs.

A

Ceftriaxone, 500mg IM
Azithromycin, 1g oral
Partner notification

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9
Q

Which bacteria causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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10
Q

List 3 clinical features of chlamydia.

A

Asymptomatic
Pelvic pain
Pain during sex

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11
Q

Describe 1 subtype of chlamydia.

List 8 features of this condition.

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Severe proctitis, e.g.
-Constipation
-Rectal bleeding
-Pain
-Discharge
-Rectal fullness
Ulceration
Inguinal bubos
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12
Q

List 3 consequences of long term chlamydia infection.

A

Tubal damage
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Infertility

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13
Q

List 2 aspects of chlamydia treatment.

State dose, administration and duration for any drugs.

A

Azithromycin, 1g (oral)

Doxycycline, 100mg (oral) - twice daily for 1 week

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14
Q

Which bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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15
Q

Outline the natural history of syphilis, including time scales and symptoms.

A 
Primary syphilis (3 weeks)
-Chancre

Secondary syphilis (8-16 weeks)

  • Rash
  • Alopecia

Tertiary syphilis (10-40 years)

  • Gumma
  • Cardiovascular complications
  • Neurological complications
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16
Q

What is a “gumma”?

A

A form of granuloma, presenting as a soft, non-cancerous growth in syphilis

17
Q

Give 2 examples of CVD complications in advanced syphilis.

A

Stroke

Aortic dilatation

18
Q

Give 4 examples of neurological problems in advanced syphilis.

A

Headache
Altered behaviour
Movement problems
Eye problems (ocular syphilis)

19
Q

List 2 consequences of long term syphilis infection.

A

Miscarriage

Stillbirth

20
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Penicillin (injection)

21
Q

List 4 other bacterial STIs.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)
Chancroid

22
Q

List 5 examples of viral STIs.

A 
Human papilloma virus
HSV
HIV
Molluscum contagiosum
Hepatitis B/C
23
Q

How are genital warts treated? (3)

A

Condyline
Aldara
Liquid nitrogen treatment

24
Q

How is HSV treated?

List dose, administration and duration of drug treatment.

A

Aciclovir, 200mg (oral)

5x per day, for 5 days

25
Q

How would you diagnose chlamydia?

A

Proctoscopy

26
Q

What tests would you do to diagnose syphilis? (1)

What types of tests would you do in patients you KNOW have syphilis? (3)

A 
DIAGNOSIS:
Syphilis antibodies (blood test)

IN SYPHILIS PATIENTS:
Vision screening
Hearing screening
Neuropathy screening

27
Q

What are the clinical features of trichomoniasis?

Which antibiotic would you use to treat it?

A

Vaginal discharge

Metronidazole

28
Q

What are the clinical features of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Urethritis
Cervical inflammation
Pelvic inflammation

6. Microbiology (15 decks)

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