Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
Reproductive Tract Infections
Both STIs and other common genital tract infections (bacteria, viruses, protozoas, etc.)
Tx: primary & secondary prevention
Primary Prevention
Efforts to prevent an infection from ever occuring
- most effective way to reduce STIs in women
Secondary Prevention
Diagnosis and treatment of STIs
- can prevent complications & transmission to others
6 Ps of STIs
- Partners
- Prevention of pregnancy
- Protection
- Practices
- Past history
Physical Barriers
Condoms (male & female)
Chemical Barriers
n-9 lubricated condtoms or spermicides
- not recommended to prevent STIs or HIV
Chlamydia
A bacterial infection
* most common STI
* eye prophylaxis
S/S: asymptomatic OR spotting / discharge
Tx: doxycycline or azithromycin
Gonorrhea
S/S: asymptomatic or irregular menses, back pain, discharge
- gram negative diplococcus
- secondary to chlamydia
tx: antibiotics (ceftriaxone or azithromycin dual therapy)
Syphilis
- complex disease
- Primary – 5-90 days after exposure
- Secondary – 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure
- Screening: VDLR or RPR
- **Dx: **FTA-ABS or TP-PA
tx: penicillin G, abstinence
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Infectious process involving the fallopian tubes, uterus, & ovaries
- S/S: fever, chills, N/V, discharge, UTI symptoms
- Risk Factors: young age, nulliparity, multiple partners, hx of STIs & PID
- Risks: ectopic pregnancies & infertility
- Tx: prevention, antibiotics, education
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Virus that can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, or be asymptomatic
- pap smear screening
Tx: resolves spontaneously, no therapy / HPV vaccine
HPV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1)
Oral Herpes
- non-sexual transmission
HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2)
Genital herpes
* sexually transmitted
S/S: fever, painful lesions, chills, malaise, dysuria
Tx: antivirals (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famiciclovir)
Hepatitis
5 Different Viruses (A, B, C, D, E)
Hepatitis A
Fecal-Oral Route
- vaccine available
S/S: flu-like symtpoms, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, RUQ pain, pruritis
Hepatitis B
Disease of the liver
- most threatening
- transmitted through parentally, perinatally, or orally
- vaccines available
- all pregnant women should be screened
Hepatitis C
Can be caused from blood transfusions, drug abuse, or sexual transmission
- on the rise
- NO vaccine
- flu-like symptoms
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Transmission through bodily fluid; immunosupression
- S/S: fever, headache, night sweats, malaise, nausea, weight loss, sore throat, rash
Tx: antiretroviral therapy, education, no breastfeeding
Normal Vaginal Secretions
- clear to cloudy
- non-irritating
- normal pH: 3.8-4.5
- non-offensive odor
vuvlovaginitis
Inflammation of the vulva & vagina
*
Signs & symptoms:
* discharge & itching
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Disease of the vagina caused by overgrowth of bacteria
*
Signs & symptoms:
* “fishy odor”
*
Tx: metronidazole orally (pump & dump if breastfeeding)
Candidiasis
Yeast infection (can be caused by antibiotic use or pH imbalance)
*
Key signs & symptoms:
* pruritis
*
Tx: monostat
Trichomoniasis
Inflammation of vagina & vulva
* caused by protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina
*
- Tx: metronidazole
Group Beta Strep (GBS)
Normal flora for non-pregnant women
* screening at 35-37 weeks gestation
*
Tx: antibiotic prophylaxis
