Sexually Transmitted Infections

Question 1

Reproductive Tract Infections

Answer 1

Both STIs and other common genital tract infections (bacteria, viruses, protozoas, etc.)

Tx: primary & secondary prevention

Question 2

Primary Prevention

Answer 2

Efforts to prevent an infection from ever occuring

• most effective way to reduce STIs in women

Question 3

Secondary Prevention

Answer 3

Diagnosis and treatment of STIs

• can prevent complications & transmission to others

Question 4

6 Ps of STIs

Answer 4

• Partners
• Prevention of pregnancy
• Protection
• Practices
• Past history

Question 5

Physical Barriers

Answer 5

Condoms (male & female)

Question 6

Chemical Barriers

Answer 6

n-9 lubricated condtoms or spermicides

• not recommended to prevent STIs or HIV

Question 7

Chlamydia

Answer 7

A bacterial infection
* most common STI
* eye prophylaxis

S/S: asymptomatic OR spotting / discharge

Tx: doxycycline or azithromycin

Question 8

Gonorrhea

Answer 8

S/S: asymptomatic or irregular menses, back pain, discharge

• gram negative diplococcus
• secondary to chlamydia

tx: antibiotics (ceftriaxone or azithromycin dual therapy)

Question 9

Syphilis

Answer 9

• complex disease
• Primary – 5-90 days after exposure
• Secondary – 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure
• Screening: VDLR or RPR
• **Dx: **FTA-ABS or TP-PA

tx: penicillin G, abstinence

Question 10

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 10

Infectious process involving the fallopian tubes, uterus, & ovaries

• S/S: fever, chills, N/V, discharge, UTI symptoms
• Risk Factors: young age, nulliparity, multiple partners, hx of STIs & PID
• Risks: ectopic pregnancies & infertility
• Tx: prevention, antibiotics, education

Question 11

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 11

Virus that can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, or be asymptomatic

• pap smear screening

Tx: resolves spontaneously, no therapy / HPV vaccine

Question 12

HPV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1)

Answer 12

Oral Herpes

• non-sexual transmission

Question 13

HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2)

Answer 13

Genital herpes
* sexually transmitted

S/S: fever, painful lesions, chills, malaise, dysuria

Tx: antivirals (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famiciclovir)

Question 14

Hepatitis

Answer 14

5 Different Viruses (A, B, C, D, E)

Question 15

Hepatitis A

Answer 15

Fecal-Oral Route

• vaccine available

S/S: flu-like symtpoms, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, RUQ pain, pruritis

Question 16

Hepatitis B

Answer 16

Disease of the liver

• most threatening
• transmitted through parentally, perinatally, or orally
• vaccines available
• all pregnant women should be screened

Question 17

Hepatitis C

Answer 17

Can be caused from blood transfusions, drug abuse, or sexual transmission

• on the rise
• NO vaccine
• flu-like symptoms

Question 18

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Answer 18

Transmission through bodily fluid; immunosupression

• S/S: fever, headache, night sweats, malaise, nausea, weight loss, sore throat, rash

Tx: antiretroviral therapy, education, no breastfeeding

Question 19

Normal Vaginal Secretions

Answer 19

• clear to cloudy
• non-irritating
• normal pH: 3.8-4.5
• non-offensive odor

Question 20

vuvlovaginitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of the vulva & vagina

*

Signs & symptoms:
* discharge & itching

Question 21

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Answer 21

Disease of the vagina caused by overgrowth of bacteria

*

Signs & symptoms:
* “fishy odor”

*

Tx: metronidazole orally (pump & dump if breastfeeding)

Question 22

Candidiasis

Answer 22

Yeast infection (can be caused by antibiotic use or pH imbalance)

*

Key signs & symptoms:
* pruritis

*

Tx: monostat

Question 23

Trichomoniasis

Answer 23

Inflammation of vagina & vulva
* caused by protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina

*

• Tx: metronidazole

Question 24

Group Beta Strep (GBS)

Answer 24

Normal flora for non-pregnant women
* screening at 35-37 weeks gestation

*

Tx: antibiotic prophylaxis