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OB Final Exam > Exam 2 Content > Flashcards

Exam 2 Content Flashcards

1
Q

Tachysystole & treatment

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

5+ contractions in a 10 minute window averaged over a 30 minute period

  • too many contractions

Tx = terbutaline

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2
Q

What is tachysystole?

A

5+ contractions in a 10 minute segment / window averaged over a 30 minute period

  • too many contractions
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3
Q

What is the treatment for tachysystole?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Terbutaline

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4
Q

Chorioamnionitis

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Bacterial infection of the amniotic cavity

  • Tx = broad spectrum antibiotics
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5
Q

What is chorioamnionitis?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Bacterial infection of the amniotic cavity / sac

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6
Q

What is the treatment for chorioamnionitis?

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A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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7
Q

Gestational Hypertension

A

Development of HTN after week 20 of pregnancy in a previously normotensive woman without proteinuria or other findings

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8
Q

Preeclampsia

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A

Development of hypertension AND proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation in a previously normotensive woman

Can also involve HTN with new onset of:

  • thrombocytopenia
  • renal insufficiency
  • impaired liver function
  • pulmonary edema
  • cerebral or visual symptoms
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9
Q

Eclampsia

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A

Development of seizures or coma NOT attributable to other causes in women with preeclampsia

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10
Q

Chronic Hypertension

A

HTN in a pregnant woman present before pregnancy

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11
Q

Superimposed preeclampsia

A

Chronic HTN in association with preeclampsia

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12
Q

What medications is used for preventing & treating seizure activity (eclampsia)?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Magnesium Sulfate via IV

  • initial loading dose of 4-6 g IV over 15-30 minutes
  • maintenance of 2-3 g/hr
  • Therapeutic Magnesium level is 4-7 mEq/L
  • Given for neuroprotection

*

Antidote = calcium gluconate

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13
Q

What is Magnesium Sulfate used to treat in pregnancy and what is the antidote for it?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Preventing & treating seizure activity (eclampsia)

  • antidote = calcium gluconate

S/S of Magnesium Toxicity
* absent DTRs
* decreased RR
* decreased LOC

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14
Q

What medications can be used to control blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia?

A
  • Nifedipine
  • Labetalol
  • Hydralazine
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15
Q

Shoulder Dystocia

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A

Head is born but the anterior shoulder can NOT pass under the pubic arch

  • apply suprapubic pressure above the pubic bone
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16
Q

Prolapsed Cord

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A

Umbilical cord lies below the presenting part of the fetus

  • change position
17
Q

Group Beta Strep (GBS)

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Leading cause of perinatal infections including bacteremia, endometritis, chorioamnionitis, & UTIs

Tx: IAP antibiotics (intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis)

Can cause severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, shock, & in rare cases meningitis in newborns

18
Q

Postpartum Hemorrhage

  • Early PPH
  • Late PPH
  • Medications

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Cumulative blood loss ≥ 1000 mL or s/s of hypovolemia with in 24 hours after birth

  • Early (within 24 hr of birth) – atony, bladder distension, trauma
  • Late (> 24 hr to < 6 weeks) – infection, subinvolution, retained placenta, coagulation defects

Medications = Methergine or Hemabate

19
Q

Early Postpartum Hemorrhage

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

within 24 hours after birth

  • uterine atony
  • bladder distension
  • cervical laceration
20
Q

Late Postpartum Hemorrhage

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

More than 24 hours but less than 6 weeks after birth

  • infection
  • subinvolution
  • retained placenta
21
Q

What medications can be used to treat Postpartum Hemorrhage?
* indicate any contraindications

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Methergine
* contraindicated w/ HTN

Hemabate
contraindicated w/ Asthma

Oxytocin

Cytotec

22
Q

What are the 2 main medications to treat postpartum hemorrhage?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Hemabate & Methergine

23
Q

Contraindications for Hemabate

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Asthma patients

24
Q

Contraindications for Methergine

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

HTN

25
Q

What is the treatment for preeclampsia / eclampsia (seizures)?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Magnesium sulfate

26
Q

What is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Calcium gluconate

27
Q

Placenta Previa

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Placenta is implanted in LOWER uterine segment

Signs & Symptoms:
* painless bright red vaginal bleeding during 2nd or 3rd trimester
* soft, relaxed, non-tender uterus w/ normal tone

28
Q

Placental Abruption

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Premature separation / detachment of part or all of the placenta from the uterus

Signs & Symptoms:
* vaginal bleeding
* abdominal pain
* uterine tenderness
* contractions
* board-like abdomen

29
Q

What is the difference in placenta previa & placental abruption?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Previa = placenta is attached in lower uterine segment
* PP = attachment issue
* PA = detachment issue

Placental Abruption = premature separation / detachment of placenta from uterus

30
Q

Differentiate the signs & symptoms associated with placental abruption & placenta previa.

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Placenta Previa
* painless, bright red vaginal bleeding
* non-tender uterus

*

Placental Abruption:
* board-like abdomen
* uterine tenderness
* bleeding WITH pain

31
Q

Key Symptom associated with Placenta Previa & Placental Abruption!!!!!

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Placenta Previa = painless, bright red bleeding

*

Placental Abruption = board-like abdomen & painful vaginal bleeding

32
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

Risk Factors
* family hx of DM
* previous pregnancy that resulted in unexplained stillbirth or birth of a malformed or macrosomic fetus
* obesity, HTN, glycosuria, maternal age > 25 years
* more than half of women with GDM have none of these risk facotrs

Diagnosed in 2nd half of pregnancy

33
Q

Gestational Hypertension

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Onset of HTN without other findings after 20 weeks gestation

*

  • BP > 140/90 (resolves after giving birth)
34
Q

What are Macrosomic Infants at risk for?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Hypoglycemia (after birth)
* polycythemia (RBCs)
* Birth injuries (shoulder dystocia)
* Metabolic issues (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease)

35
Q

Preconception Guidance for Gestational Diabetes

Know the Bold

A
  • Frequent monitoring in pregnancy
  • Primary Goal: achieve & maintain constant euglycemia
  • diet, exercise, insulin therapy, self monitoring blood glucose, urine testing
36
Q

How to calculate Newborn Weight Loss Percentage

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

(weight at birth - current weight)

/

birth weight x 100

100 - (current weight / birth weight)

  • 100 - (3000/3500) = 0.857
  • 0.857 = 85.7
  • 100 - 85.7 = 14.3
37
Q

What are the 3 Tocolytic drugs & what are they used for?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Tocolytic = INHIBIT contractions

Not My Time

  • Nifedipine
  • Magnesium sulfate
  • Terbutaline
38
Q

What medications are used for postpartum hemorrhage?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A
  • Cytotec (misoprostol)
  • Hemabate – do NOT use w/ asthma
  • Methergine – do NOT use w/ HTN
  • Oxytocin / pitocin
39
Q

What is methotrexate used for?

KNOW THIS!!!!!

A

Used for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy

OB Final Exam (8 decks)

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