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Reproductive System > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause genital ulcers?

A

Herpes and syphilis - STD
Candida

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2
Q

What can cause vaginal discharge?

A

Chlamydia, M genitalium, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and herpes
BV and candida

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3
Q

What can cause urethral discharge?

A

Chlamydia, m genitalium, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis
H. influenza and adenovirus

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4
Q

What can cause genital lumps?

A

Warts, molluscum and scabies
Folliculitis and calcinosis

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5
Q

What can cause genital itching?

A

Scabies, lice, herpes and trichomoniasis
Candida and eczema

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6
Q

What can cause a genital rash?

A

Scabies and syphilis

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7
Q

What is gonorrhoea caused by?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

What symptoms does gonorrhoea cause in men?

A

10% have no symptoms
Thick, profuse yellow discharge and dysuria
Rectal and pharyngeal infection are often asymptomatic

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?

A

More than 50% have no symptoms
Vaginal discharge, dysuria and intermenstrual bleeding

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10
Q

What are the complications of gonorrhoea?

A

Men - epididymitis
Women - Pelvic inflammatory disease and Bartholin’s abscess
Both - rectal symptoms and conjunctivitis
Acute monoarthritic of elbow or shoulder and disseminated gonococcal infection

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11
Q

What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?

A

Average is 5 to 6 days but ranges from 2 days t 2 weeks

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12
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab
Microscopy of gram stained sample
Culture using highly selective lysed blood agar

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13
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Blind treatment with ceftriaxone 1mg IM
Also can treat according to antibiotic sensitivities

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14
Q

When is the follow up to test for cure in gonorrhoea?

A

3 weeks

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15
Q

What is chlamydia caused by?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K

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16
Q

What are the symptoms for men in chlamydia/

A

More than 70& asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge and dysuria
Rectal symptoms and conjunctivitis

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17
Q

What are the symptoms for women with chlamydia?

A

More than 80% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, dysuria and intermenstrual bleeding
Rectal symptoms and conjunctivitis

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18
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia?

A

Men - epididymitis
Women - PID and ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain and infertility
Both - reactive arthritis/ Reiter’s syndrome

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19
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

First void urine in men
Swab from cervix, urethra and rectum as appropriate

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20
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 1 week
Azithromycin 1g once if pregnant

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21
Q

What is the follow up for chlamydia?

A

Test for re-infection at 3-12 months
Earlier test not need unless symptoms persist

22
Q

What are the symptoms for men with mycoplasma genitalium?

A

More than 90% asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge and dysuria
Conjunctivitis

23
Q

What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in women?

A

More than 50% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual/ post coital bleeding
Conjunctivitis

24
Q

What are the complications of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Men - none confirmed
Women - PID, preterm birth, miscarriage and infertility
Both - rectal symptoms

25
Q

How is mycoplasma genitalium diagnosed?

A

First void in men
Swab from cervix, urethra and rectum as appropriate
NAAT

26
Q

What is the treatment of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Doxycycline 100mg 1 week then Azithromycin 1g on day 8 and 500mg once daily on days 9-10
If resistant to macrolides then moxifloxacin

27
Q

When is the follow up for mycoplasma genitalium?

A

5 weeks

28
Q

What is herpes caused by?

A

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

29
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes?

A

80% are asymptomatic and rest have recurring symptoms (annually, monthly)
Burning/ itching then blistering then tender ulceration
Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
Flu like symptoms
Dysuria, neuralgic back, pelvis and leg pain

30
Q

What is the complications of herpes?

A

Autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention), neonatal infection and secondary infection

31
Q

What is the incubation period for herpes?

A

5 days to months
Some people never report symptoms

32
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

Clinical impression
Swab lesion tested using PCR

33
Q

What is the treatment for herpes?

A

Aciclovir - 400mg for 5 days
Lidocaine ointment or oral
Infrequent recurrences - Aciclovir 800mg 3 x daily
Frequent recurrences - Aciclovir long term

34
Q

What is trichomoniasis caused by?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

35
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A

Men - usually asymptomatic
Women - 10-30% asymptomatic
Profuse thin vaginal discharge - greenish, frothy and foul smelling. Vulvitis

36
Q

What are the complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Miscarriage and preterm labour

37
Q

How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

A

PCR on vaginal swab
Microscopy of wet preparation of vaginal discharge

38
Q

What is the treatment for trochomoniasis?

A

Metronidazole 400mg for 5 days

39
Q

What are anogenital warts caused by?

A

Human papilloma virus types 6 and 11

40
Q

What are the symptoms of anogenital warts?

A

Lumps with surface texture of small cauliflower
Occasionally itching or bleeding esp. if perianal or intraurethral

41
Q

What is a complication of anogenital warts?

A

None common
Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis

42
Q

How is anogenital warts diagnosed?

A

Appearance
Biopsy is unusual

43
Q

What is the treatment for anogenital warts?

A

Podophyllotoxin and imiquimod - both home treatments
cryotherapy
Bulky warts - diathermy and scissor removal

44
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A

Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

45
Q

What are the symptoms/ signs of syphilis?

A

Primary - local ulcer
Secondary - rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms and patchy alopecia
Early latent - no symptoms but under 2 years since caught
Late latent - more than 2 years since caught
Tertiary - neuro, cardio and gummatous

46
Q
A
47
Q

What is the incubation period of syphilis?

A

9 to 90 days until appearance of chancre

48
Q

What is a complication of syphilis?

A

Neurosyphilis - cranial nerve palsies are commonest
Congenital syphilis

49
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs
Serology for TP IgGEIA< TPPA and RPR
PCR on sample

50
Q

What is the treatment for early syphilis?

A

Under 2 years and no neuro involvement
Benzathine penicillin once MU or doxycycline for 2 weeks

51
Q

What is the treatment for late syphilis?

A

More than 2 years and no neuro involvement
Benzathine penicillin IM weekly for 3 doses
Doxycycline 100mg for 28 days

Reproductive System (11 decks)

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