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Reproductive System > Embryology - 3 > Flashcards

Embryology - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the kidneys, ureter and gonads arise from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

Nephrogenic cord and the gonadal ridge
Part of urinary system and reproductive system develop from this

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3
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into?

A

Gonadal ridge medially which gives rise to gonad and nephrogenic cord laterally to form kidneys and ureter

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4
Q

When does the urinary system develop?

A

Ahead of repro system
From 4th week of embryo development

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5
Q

What 2 overlapping systems in nephrogenic cord does the kidney and ureter develop from?

A

Pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros

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6
Q

Describe the course of the kidneys when developing

A

Develop in pelvis then ascend into abdomen with the final position taken by 12 week

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7
Q

Where is the bladder and urethra developed from?

A

Urogenital sinus (part of cloaca) which also gives rise to female and male repro tracts

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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of development of the nephrogenic cord?

A

Pronephros - non functional
Mesonephros - functional but transient
Metanephros - final kidney

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9
Q

What does the metanephric mesenchyme form?

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

What does the ureteric duct form?

A

Ureter

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11
Q

What does the nephric duct drain into?

A

Cloaca - common temporary outlet for digestive, urinary and genital tract in embryonic life

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12
Q

What are some types of renal anomalies?

A

Renal agenesis
Horseshoe kidney
Pelvic kidney
Duplex kidney
Duplex ureter and calyceal system

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13
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Caudal end of the enfolded yolk sac
Covered by cloacal membrane

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14
Q

What forms the cloaca?

A

Fusion of the ectoderm and endoderm

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15
Q

What is formed from the urorectal septum dividing the cloaca?

A

Urogenital sinus and anal canal

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16
Q

What does the urogenital sinus form?

A

Bladder and urethra

17
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form?

A

Incorporated into bladder as the trigone

18
Q

Where does the indifferent gonad develop in?

A

Gonadal ridge - closely related to the mesonephros

19
Q

Describe primordial germ cells during embryo development

A

Don’t originate in the gonadal ridge but migrate to gonads from endoderm lining of yolk sac via hindgut around 6 weeks of gestation

20
Q

What does the epithelium of the gonadal ridge form?

A

Primitive sex cords

21
Q

What does the germ cells and primitive sex cord form?

A

Indifferent gonads which is capable of developing into testis or ovary

22
Q

What does the Y chromosome contain?

A

SRY gene - sex determining region of Y which produces testes determining factor - SRY protein

23
Q

Describe SRY protein

A

Acts on indifferent gonad to promote the formation of testis

24
Q

Describe the development of the ovary

A

Migrating germ cells enter ovary
Primitive sex cord extends into medulla but degenerates
Secondary sex cords develop and surround germ cells to form ovarian primordial follicles

25
Q

When is the ovarian follicle pool determined?

A

20 weeks of gestation

26
Q

Describe the development of the testis

A

Migrating germ cells enter testis
Primitive sex cords extend into medulla and form testis cords

27
Q

What so testis cords transform into?

A

Future seminiferous tubules and rete testis

28
Q

What are Sertoli cells derived from?

A

Surface epithelium under effect of AMH

29
Q

What are Leydig cells formed from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm and produce testosterone from 8 weeks onwards

30
Q

Describe testicular descent

A

Gonads originate in posterior abdominal wall
Testes reach deep inguinal ring by 7 months of pregnancy

31
Q

What is the management for undescended testicle?

A

Cryptorchidism requires early surgery

Reproductive System (11 decks)

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