Sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards by Francesca maria

how can STI’s be transmitted?

genitalia, mouth, rectum, skin, placenta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Et of STI?

think of different kinds and examples for each

viral (recurring)
-genital herpes, &amp; warts, AIDS
Bacteria (eliminated)
-syphillus, chlamydial infect
-gonorrhea, chancroid

also protoza, fungi, and ectoparasites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the high risks for Sti?

mutiple sex partner
unsafe/high risk sexual practices
drug abuse
medically under served
prior STD
noncompliant tx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

low risk/no risk of STI?

abstinence/monogamy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what type of infection is genital herpes? be specific.

recurrent, systemic, viral infect
herpes simplex type II
neurotropic microbe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is genital herpes spread?

incubation period? when does it manifest?

contact with lesions or secretions (mucus or cervical mucus)

2-10 days
3-7 days post contact

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

manifestations of genital herpes?

burning at site
painful vesicles
fever, muscle ache
subclinical?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tx for genital herpes?

no cure.
recurrence is a problem
antivirals - for flare up
symptomatic tx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what kind of infection is genital warts? be specific about strains or microbes.

HPV (strains 6 &11)

benign, multiple growths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are genital warts found?

genial or anorectal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the incubation period of genital warts?

1-2 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tx for genital warts?

no cure
gardacil vaccine - 3 shots has a 5 year protective period for strains 6,11,16, and 18

remove the arts
-topical drugs, sx, cryotherapy (cools down and necrosis of lesion)
monitor for CA (type 16 and 18)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is neurotropic microbe?

selects as its host cell- ganglia, neutrons and replicates there and remains latent there (genital herpes)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why is transmission risk greater for women for genital herpes?

bc larger surface area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how can the microbe spread in genital herpes?

systemically, lymph, contaminated hands to some place else?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what do the topical drugs for genital warts do?

can have cytotoxic drugs or anti mitotic (inhibiting mitosis) either killing the cells or inhibiting the division

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is syphilis? name?

treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is syphilis spread?

does it cross placenta?

contact with lesions, also across placenta (wk 16)

microbe divides and distributes systemically

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the incubation of syphilis?

10-90 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are complications of syphilis?

blindness, paralysis, heart disease and death

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what occurs in the first stage of syphilis? when does it heal

painless chancre
-at exposure sites
-heals in 3-12 wk
regional lyphadenopathy (disease of the lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what occurs in the 2nd stage of syphilis? when is this occuring? what is the duration of this?

manifestations?

duationup to 6 month

6-8 wk post infection
maculopapular rash on palms &amp; soles
white patches on mucous membranes
flat papillose
generalized lymphadenopathy
fever, malaise
latent period (up to 50 yr)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3rd stage of sphyilis? how soon after the infection is this? where is the damage?

1-35 yr after untreated primary infection

irreversible damage to bone, joints, CVS, NS

Tx for syphilis? why?

long-acting penicillin. bacterium is a spirochete with a long generation time (duration that is required for a bacteria colony to double in size) its time is 30 hours. if you use a short acting drug it will not eradicate

whats another name for chlamydia ? the bacteria name.

chlamydia trachomatis

what is the incubation period for chlamydia?

7-12 days

what are the symptoms for chlamydia in males? females?

asymptomatic in most cases ``` males: white or clear discharge mild dysuira testicular pain (epididymis inflm) ``` female: mucopurulent vaginal discharge dyuria bleeding pelvic pain (PID)

why is it difficult to isolate the bacteria for chlamydia?

simple and small bacterium- rudimentary

treatment for chlamydia?

doxycycline or azithromycin

what is gonorrhoea? name for it? incubation period?

neisseria gonorrhoeae | 3-8 days

manfiestations for male and female (gonorrhea)

male: urethra dischrage, dysuria female: purulent vaginall discharge, dyusria, genital irritation, late pelvic pain

what are the systemic manifestations of gonorrhea?

bactermia (or septicemia) pharyngeal infection, conjuctivitis arthritis-dermatitis syndrome (swollen painful joints)

what is the treatment for gonorrhea?

``` 1st line: cephalosporins (abx) 2nd line: inc dose and add another class of abs ```

what is AIDS? how long does it take to develop AIDS from HIV?

human immunodeficiceny disease (HIV) 10 years

what are the two strains of AIDS?

HIV 1 and HIV 2

how is AIDS transmitted?

sexual contaminated blood maternal (in utero, lavbour & delivery, lactation)

what kind of virus is HIV?

retrovirus goes backwards instead of DNA- RNA - proteins its RNA and then forms DNA through the host to the host genetic material

what does the HIV virus target?

t helper cells,

how much risk are occupational health care workers put at in regards to AIDS? what does it depend on?

0.3% chance depends on viral load (quantity of viruses in the blood), site of the needle stick injury (site that brings easy introduction to virus), depth of the needle stick injury

what is the Patho of AIDS? 3 phases

primary infection latent period overt AIDS

how long is the primary infection (AIDS) what occurs here?

weeks to months "window period" time required for a diagnostic test to detect a microbe (up to 3 month) seroconversion: formation of ab in the blood viral load- virus is replicating, quantity of virus' in blood (inversely proportional to CD4 count)

what is seroconversion

formation of Ab in the blood

what is a viral load?

quantity of virus is blood

when are you considered to have AIDS?

CDC looks as if CD4 falls below a certain number and you have a number of infected diseases

what occurs in the latent period? | AIDS

asymptomatic (years) lymphatic tissue damage recurrent respiratory ifnect fatigue

what occurs in the overt phase? (AIDS)

~10 years targets t cells and macrophages and B cells destroys immune system-> dec immunity and defenses and increasing new infections via latent pathogens

Dx of AIDS?

``` clinical progression ELISA western blot assay PCR CD4 counts and viral loads ```

what is ELISA?

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (sorbent -attached to the surface of the tube and immune is Ab) measures antibodies against the entire virus

what is western blot assay? when is this used?

when ELISA is positive. it measures antibodies against specifiv antigens on that virus

what is PCR?

polymerase chain reaction (sophisticated biochemical test) it extends the chain of DNA that is present within an organism and measures the presence of the DNA sequence. measuring the virus.

what is the P24 antigen test?

measuring protein within the viral core. appears in the serum of an individual who is affected earlier on.

what is NAT?

nucleic acid testing for AIDS. tests the nucleic acid, similar to PCR

what are some manifestations of AIDS?

``` opportunistic infect -respiratory (TB and pneuonia)) -GI -NS (dementia, encephalopathy) CA ```

why does CA occur in AIDS?

virus gets into the host cell and interferes with genetic material and causes mutations and ends up with cancer also no IR to stop it

types of opportunistic CA in AIDS?

Kaposi sarcoma (arises in endothelial cells but malignant lesions re widespread) i.e. skin, mouth, lymph nodes Non hodkgins Cervical (r/t infect)

what is the treatment for AIDS?

no cure slow down and manage prgression with antiviral agents -prevent uncaring -prevent injection into host