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patho > Sexually transmitted diseases > Flashcards

Sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards

1
Q

how can STI’s be transmitted?

A

genitalia, mouth, rectum, skin, placenta

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2
Q

Et of STI?

think of different kinds and examples for each

A 
viral (recurring)
-genital herpes, & warts, AIDS
Bacteria (eliminated)
-syphillus, chlamydial infect
-gonorrhea, chancroid

also protoza, fungi, and ectoparasites

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3
Q

what are the high risks for Sti?

A 
mutiple sex partner
unsafe/high risk sexual practices
drug abuse
medically under served
prior STD
noncompliant tx
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4
Q

low risk/no risk of STI?

A

abstinence/monogamy

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5
Q

what type of infection is genital herpes? be specific.

A

recurrent, systemic, viral infect
herpes simplex type II
neurotropic microbe

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6
Q

how is genital herpes spread?

incubation period? when does it manifest?

A

contact with lesions or secretions (mucus or cervical mucus)

2-10 days
3-7 days post contact

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7
Q

manifestations of genital herpes?

A

burning at site
painful vesicles
fever, muscle ache
subclinical?

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8
Q

Tx for genital herpes?

A

no cure.
recurrence is a problem
antivirals - for flare up
symptomatic tx

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9
Q

what kind of infection is genital warts? be specific about strains or microbes.

A

HPV (strains 6 &11)

benign, multiple growths

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10
Q

where are genital warts found?

A

genial or anorectal

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11
Q

what is the incubation period of genital warts?

A

1-2 months

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12
Q

Tx for genital warts?

A

no cure
gardacil vaccine - 3 shots has a 5 year protective period for strains 6,11,16, and 18

remove the arts
-topical drugs, sx, cryotherapy (cools down and necrosis of lesion)
monitor for CA (type 16 and 18)

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13
Q

what is neurotropic microbe?

A

selects as its host cell- ganglia, neutrons and replicates there and remains latent there (genital herpes)

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14
Q

why is transmission risk greater for women for genital herpes?

A

bc larger surface area

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15
Q

how can the microbe spread in genital herpes?

A

systemically, lymph, contaminated hands to some place else?

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16
Q

what do the topical drugs for genital warts do?

A

can have cytotoxic drugs or anti mitotic (inhibiting mitosis) either killing the cells or inhibiting the division

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17
Q

what is syphilis? name?

A

treponema pallidum

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18
Q

how is syphilis spread?

does it cross placenta?

A

contact with lesions, also across placenta (wk 16)

microbe divides and distributes systemically

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19
Q

what is the incubation of syphilis?

A

10-90 days

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20
Q

what are complications of syphilis?

A

blindness, paralysis, heart disease and death

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21
Q

what occurs in the first stage of syphilis? when does it heal

A

painless chancre
-at exposure sites
-heals in 3-12 wk
regional lyphadenopathy (disease of the lymph nodes)

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22
Q

what occurs in the 2nd stage of syphilis? when is this occuring? what is the duration of this?

manifestations?

A

duationup to 6 month

6-8 wk post infection
maculopapular rash on palms & soles
white patches on mucous membranes
flat papillose
generalized lymphadenopathy
fever, malaise
latent period (up to 50 yr)
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23
Q

3rd stage of sphyilis? how soon after the infection is this? where is the damage?

A

1-35 yr after untreated primary infection

irreversible damage to bone, joints, CVS, NS

24
Q

Tx for syphilis? why?

A

long-acting penicillin. bacterium is a spirochete with a long generation time (duration that is required for a bacteria colony to double in size) its time is 30 hours. if you use a short acting drug it will not eradicate

25
Q

whats another name for chlamydia ? the bacteria name.

A

chlamydia trachomatis

26
Q

what is the incubation period for chlamydia?

A

7-12 days

27
Q

what are the symptoms for chlamydia in males? females?

A

asymptomatic in most cases

males: white or clear discharge
mild dysuira
testicular pain (epididymis inflm)

female: mucopurulent vaginal discharge
dyuria
bleeding
pelvic pain (PID)

28
Q

why is it difficult to isolate the bacteria for chlamydia?

A

simple and small bacterium- rudimentary

29
Q

treatment for chlamydia?

A

doxycycline or azithromycin

30
Q

what is gonorrhoea? name for it? incubation period?

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

3-8 days

31
Q

manfiestations for male and female (gonorrhea)

A

male: urethra dischrage, dysuria
female: purulent vaginall discharge, dyusria, genital irritation, late pelvic pain

32
Q

what are the systemic manifestations of gonorrhea?

A

bactermia (or septicemia)
pharyngeal infection, conjuctivitis
arthritis-dermatitis syndrome (swollen painful joints)

33
Q

what is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A 
1st line: cephalosporins (abx)
2nd line: inc dose and add another class of abs
34
Q

what is AIDS?

how long does it take to develop AIDS from HIV?

A

human immunodeficiceny disease (HIV)

10 years

35
Q

what are the two strains of AIDS?

A

HIV 1 and HIV 2

36
Q

how is AIDS transmitted?

A

sexual
contaminated blood
maternal (in utero, lavbour & delivery, lactation)

37
Q

what kind of virus is HIV?

A

retrovirus
goes backwards instead of DNA- RNA - proteins
its RNA and then forms DNA through the host to the host genetic material

38
Q

what does the HIV virus target?

A

t helper cells,

39
Q

how much risk are occupational health care workers put at in regards to AIDS? what does it depend on?

A

0.3% chance
depends on viral load (quantity of viruses in the blood), site of the needle stick injury (site that brings easy introduction to virus), depth of the needle stick injury

40
Q

what is the Patho of AIDS? 3 phases

A

primary infection
latent period
overt AIDS

41
Q

how long is the primary infection (AIDS) what occurs here?

A

weeks to months
“window period” time required for a diagnostic test to detect a microbe (up to 3 month)
seroconversion: formation of ab in the blood
viral load- virus is replicating, quantity of virus’ in blood (inversely proportional to CD4 count)

42
Q

what is seroconversion

A

formation of Ab in the blood

43
Q

what is a viral load?

A

quantity of virus is blood

44
Q

when are you considered to have AIDS?

A

CDC looks as if CD4 falls below a certain number and you have a number of infected diseases

45
Q

what occurs in the latent period?

AIDS

A

asymptomatic (years)
lymphatic tissue damage
recurrent respiratory ifnect
fatigue

46
Q

what occurs in the overt phase? (AIDS)

A

~10 years
targets t cells and macrophages and B cells

destroys immune system-> dec immunity and defenses and increasing new infections via latent pathogens

47
Q

Dx of AIDS?

A 
clinical progression
ELISA
western blot assay 
PCR
CD4 counts and viral loads
48
Q

what is ELISA?

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (sorbent -attached to the surface of the tube and immune is Ab) measures antibodies against the entire virus

49
Q

what is western blot assay? when is this used?

A

when ELISA is positive.

it measures antibodies against specifiv antigens on that virus

50
Q

what is PCR?

A

polymerase chain reaction (sophisticated biochemical test) it extends the chain of DNA that is present within an organism and measures the presence of the DNA sequence. measuring the virus.

51
Q

what is the P24 antigen test?

A

measuring protein within the viral core. appears in the serum of an individual who is affected earlier on.

52
Q

what is NAT?

A

nucleic acid testing for AIDS. tests the nucleic acid, similar to PCR

53
Q

what are some manifestations of AIDS?

A 
opportunistic infect
-respiratory (TB and pneuonia))
-GI
-NS (dementia, encephalopathy)
CA
54
Q

why does CA occur in AIDS?

A

virus gets into the host cell and interferes with genetic material and causes mutations and ends up with cancer also no IR to stop it

55
Q

types of opportunistic CA in AIDS?

A

Kaposi sarcoma (arises in endothelial cells but malignant lesions re widespread) i.e. skin, mouth, lymph nodes
Non hodkgins
Cervical (r/t infect)

56
Q

what is the treatment for AIDS?

A

no cure
slow down and manage prgression with antiviral agents
-prevent uncaring
-prevent injection into host

patho (12 decks)

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