Sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards
Describe the infectious process
Colonization
- microorganisms without host interference
Infection
- Host interaction with an organism
- can be suggested based on clinical evidence of erythema, heat and pain, WBC counts
Infectious disease
- infected host displays a decline due to infection
STI - how does one get it
Acquired through sexual contact with an infected person
– enters through skin and mucosal linings of the urethra, cervix, vagina, rectum and oropharynx
STI risk factors
unprotected sex multiple partners under 26 years of age sex at an early age alcohol or illegal drugs IV drugs history of STI prostitution oral contraceptives as only form of contraception
Syphilis - how is it acquired
acquired through sexual contact
Primary syphilis
2-3 weeks
Painless lesion
Secondary syphilis
2-8 weeks
involved trunk and extremities (palms and soles of feet)
s/s:
- lymphadenopathy, arthritis, meningitis, hair loss, fever, malaise, weight loss
can have a period of latency - no s/s
Tertiary syphilis
Progressive inflammation affecting multiple organs
Not ass common - using abx
Syphilis treatment
antibiotics
Syphilis - what must happen if someone tests positive
report to public health
Syphilis - severe complications
dementia, psychosis, stroke, meningitis, paresis
Nursing care for syphilis
Test 3-12 months
notify public health
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: how it is acquired?
sexual relations or transmitted from mother to child during vaginal birth
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: risk factors
increased sexual partners
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: clinical s/s women
no symptoms in women; however, they can have mucopurulent cervicitis with exudates in the endocervical canal.
women with gonorrhea can present with s/s UTI or vaginitis
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: s/s men
can be asymptomatic
burning during urination and penile discharge, swollen testicles
fever, discharge, signs of arthritis
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: diagnostics
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae: medical management
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Gonorrhea - ceftriaxone
Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisseria gonorrhoeae: nursing management
education - reinforcing the importance of abstinence, when appropriate, education should address postponing the age of initial sexual exposure, limiting the number of sexual partners, and use of condoms or barrier protection
Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisseria gonorrhoeae: complications
Ectopic pregnancies
Endometritis
Infertility
Human papillomavirus - facts
Most common among young, sexually active people
Many are unaware they carry the virus
Highest risk factor for cervical cancer
HPV affects what
The skin ad mucus membranes through sexual contact
Risk factors for HPV
being sexually active, having multiple sex partners, and having sex with a partner who has or has had multiple partners
HPV manifestations
condylomata (genital warts) - visible, flesh-colored, flat, verrucous, or papillary
What can be used to help prevent the spread of HPV
immunication
What is herpes genitalis
A lifelong viral infection that causes herpetic lesions (blisters) on the vulva, vagina, and cervix in females and the penis in males
There are two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV): HSV-1 and HSV-2, which are clinically indistinguishable
Herpes type 1
known as the oral type and can be transmitted to the genitalia by oral sex or self-inoculation (i.e., touching a cold sore and then touching the genital area).
Herpes type 2
HSV-2 is always transmitted sexually
Herpes type 2 - transmission
most transmission is asymptomatic
Herpes type 2 tx
antiviral - acyclovir
herpes type 2 - nursing education
can still pass along infection without s/s
What herpes has a more common reoccurence
HSV-2
What might trigger HSV type 1
stress, inadequate rest or nutrition
Routes of transmission: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes simplex HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis
Chlamydia = sexual Gonorrhea = sexual Herpes simplex = sexual, percutaneous, perianal HPV = sexual, percutaneous Syphilis = sexual, perianal Trichomoniasis = sexual
What is pelvic inflammatory disease
Condition of pelvic cavity
pelvic inflammatory disease s/s
Achy lower abdominal pelvis area
discharge with odor
painful
bleeding during sex
Pelvic inflammatory disease tx
doxycycline
If patient is hospitalized, need to be on bedrest and in semi-fowlers position to facilitate drainage
PID education
No douching
Wear cotton undergarments
no tampons
no tight fitting clothing
BV treatment
Metronidazole for about 7 days
Trichomoniasis
Common STD
Discharge is yellow/green, malodorous, irritated
Diagnosed with NAAT test
When provider does assessment with speculum, the patient will show cervical erythema, petechiae, pH greater than 4.5
Trichomoniasis treatment
Metronidazole
both partners need to have a one time loading dose and they need to abstain from sexual activity until both partners are treated
Epididymitis
Can be a result of sexual activity
Epididymitis treatment
Bedrest
Elevate scrotum
Takes about 4 week to decrease swelling
What are some ss of epididymitis
low grade fever, chills, c/o unilateral pain, soreness
Orchitis s/s
Fever pain tenderness , bilateral or unilateral swelling, discharge, blood in semen
Orchitis treatments
Abx if bacterial
If viral - elevated scrotum, icepacks, elevate, NSAIDS
