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MATERNAL > -Sexuality -Sexual response -Types of Sexual Orientation -Other types of sexual expression -Sexual Harassmnet -Disorder of sexual fuctioning > Flashcards

-Sexuality -Sexual response -Types of Sexual Orientation -Other types of sexual expression -Sexual Harassmnet -Disorder of sexual fuctioning Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a multidimensional phenomenon
that Includes feelings, attitudes, and
actions.
 It has both biologic and cultural
components.
 It encompasses and gives direction
to a person’s physical, emotional,
social, and intellectual responses
throughout life.

A

SEXUALITY

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2
Q

is the term used to denote a
person’s chromosomal sex: male (XY) or female
(XX).

A

Biologic gender

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3
Q

identity is the inner
sense a person has of being male or female,
which may be the same as or
different from biologic gender.

A

Gender identity or sexual

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4
Q

is the male or female
behavior a person exhibits, which,
again, may or may not be the same
as biologic gender or gender identity

A

Gender role

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5
Q

SEVERAL THEORIES EXIST
REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF
GENDER IDENTITY ARISES FROM
PRIMARILY A BIOLOGIC OR A
PSYCHOSOCIAL FOCUS.

A

a The amount of testosterone secreted in
utero (a process termed sex typing) may
affect how gender develops.
b Role models portray their gender roles
may also influence how a child envisions
himself of herself.
c Gender role is also culturally
influenced

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6
Q

Four discrete Stages in Sexual Response are

A
  1. Excitement,
  2. Plateau,
  3. Orgasm,
  4. Resolution.
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7
Q

It occurs with physical and
psychological stimulation (i.e.sight,
sound, emotion, or thought)

A

Excitement

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8
Q

This leads to arterial dilation and
venous constriction in the genital area
leading to vasocongestion and
increasing muscular tension.

A

Excitement

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9
Q

In women, this vasocongestion causes
the clitoris to increase in size and
mucoid fluid to appear on vaginal walle
as lubrication
The vagina widenan diameter and
increases in length
 The nipples become erect

A

Excitement

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10
Q

 In men, penile erection occurs, as
well as scrotal thickening and
elevation of the testes.
 In both sexes, there is an increase in
heart and respiratory
rates and blood
pressure.

A

Excitement

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11
Q

It is reached just before orgasm

A

Plateau Stage

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12
Q

Plateau Stage in woman

A

n woman, the clitoris is drawn forward
and retracts under the clitoral prepuce;
the lower part of the vagina becomes
extremely congested (formation of the
orgasmic platform), and there is
increased nipple elevation

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13
Q

Plateau Stage in men

A

In men, the vasocongestion leads to
distention of the penis, heart rate
increases to 100 to 175 bpm and RR to
approx.. 40 respirations per minute.

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14
Q

It occurs when stimulation proceeds
through the plateau stage to a point at
which the body suddenly discharge
accumulated sexual tension.

A

. Orgasm

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15
Q

It is a 30-minute period during which the
external and internal genital organs
return to an unaroused state.

A

Resolution

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16
Q

Types of Sexual Orientatio

A

Heterosexuality
Homosexuality
Bisexuality
Transsexuality or transgender person

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17
Q

is a person
who finds sexual fulfillment
with a member of opposite
gender

A

Heterosexuality

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18
Q

is a person who finds
sexual fulfillment with a member of his
or her own sex Many
homosexual men prefer
to use the term “gay”
“Lesbian” refers to a
homosexual woman.

A

Homosexuality

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19
Q

if they achieve sexual
satisfaction from both homosexual and
heterosexual relationships. Like men
who have sex with men, bisexual men
may be at greater risk for HIV and STIs
than are others.

A

Bisexuality

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20
Q

is
an Individual who, although of one
biologic gender feels as if he or she is of
the opposite gender. Such people may
have sex change operations so that they
appear cosmetically

A

Transsexuality or transgender person

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21
Q

Other Types of Sexual Expression

A

Sexual Abstinence (celibacy)
Masturbation
Erectile Stimulation
Fetishism
Transvestism
Voyeurism
Sadomasochism
Exhibitionism
Bestiality
Pedophiles

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22
Q

is separation from sexual activity). It is the
avowed state of certain religious orders.

A

Sexual Abstinence (celibacy)

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23
Q

is self-stimulation for
erotic pleasure

A

Masturbation

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24
Q

is
the use of visual materials
such as magazines or
photographs for sexual arousal

A

Erectile Stimulation

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25
is sexual arousal resulting from the use of certain objects or situations. Leather, rubber, shoes, and feet are frequently perceived to have erotic qualities
Fetishism
26
is an individual who dresses in the clothes of the opposite sex. Transvestites can be heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.
Transvestism
27
is obtaining sexual arousal by looking at another person’s body. Almost all children and adolescents pass through a stage when ____ is appealing.
Voyeurism
28
involves inflicting pain (sadism) or receiving pain (masochism) to achieve sexual satisfaction.
Sadomasochism
29
inflicting pain ____ or receiving pain ____ to
inflicting pain (sadism) or receiving pain (masochism) to
30
is revealing one's genitals in public.
Exhibitionism
31
is sexual relations with animals.
Bestiality
32
are individuals who are interested in sexual encounters with children. Known pedophiles are registered as sex offenders.
Pedophiles
33
The female orgasm has been a topic of much controversy over the years, beginning with Freud, who deducted that there were two types of female orgasms:
clitoral orgasm and vaginal orgasm
34
Freud believed that clitoral orgasms (originating from masturbation or other noncoital acts)
sexual immaturity. And that only vaginal orgasms were the authentic, mature form of sexual behavior in women
35
Accordingly, he considered women to be ___ if they could not achieve orgasm through intercourse.
neurotic
36
Masters (1998) showed that there is no physiologic difference between an orgasm achieved through
intercourse and one achieved by direct stimulation of the clitoris
37
presumably located on the inner portion of the vaginal wall, halfway between the pubic bone and the cervix, has been promoted as an area of heightened erotic sensitivity
G spot,
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T or F Women also may be more interested in initiating sexual relations at this time, Influence of Pregnancy on Sexual Response
T
39
Influence of Pregnancy on Sexual Response Pregnancy is another time in life when there is _____ because of the blood supply needed by a rapidly growing fetus.
vasocongestion of the lower pelvis
40
many women experience increased sexual interest because
the new growth of blood vessels during pregnancy lasts for some time and continues to facilitate pelvic vasocongestion.
41
is unwanted and repeated sexual advances, remarks, or behavior toward another that is: a) offensive to the recipient and b) Interferes with job or school performance.
Sexual harassment
42
It can involve actions as obvious as a job superior demanding sexual favors or a job superior sending sexist jokes by email to a person supervised.
Sexual harassment
43
Two types of sexual harassment
Quid pro quo (an equal exchange) Hostile work environment
44
in which an employer asks for something in return for sexual favors, such as a hiring or promotion preference.
Quid pro quo (an equal exchange)`
45
in which an employer creates an environment in which an employee feels uncomfortable and exploited (e.g., being addressed as "honey," asked to wear revealing clothing, working where walls are decorated with sexist posters).
Hostile work environment
46
Disorders involving sexual functioning can be: .
a. (primary) lifelong b. (Secondary) or acquired
47
They can have a psychogenic origin (produced by psychic rather than organic factors)  a biogenic origin (produced by biologic processes), or both.  They occur in both men and women
Disorders of Sexual Functioning
48
 Lessened interest in sexual relations is normal in some circumstances, such as after the death of a family member, a divorce, or a stressful job change
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
49
 The support of a caring sexual partner or relief of the tension causing the stress allows a return to sexual interest.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
50
 Decreased sexual desire can also be a side effect of many medicines.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
51
 Chronic diseases, such as peptic ulcers or chronic pulmonary disorders that cause frequent pain or discomfort may interfere with a man's or a woman's overall wellbeing and interest in sexual activity
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
52
 Obese men and women may not feel as much satisfaction from sexual relations as others, because they have difficulty achieving deep penetration because of the bulk of their abdomens.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
53
An individual with an STI such as genital herpes may choose to forgo sexual relations rather than inform a partner of the disease.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
54
Some women experience a decrease in sexual desire during perimenopause.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
55
The failure of a woman to achieve orgasm can be a result of poor sexual technique, concentrating too hard on achievement, or negative attitudes toward sexual relationships.
Inhibited Sexual Desire:
56
Treatment Inhibited Sexual Desire:
Administration of androgen -relieving the underlying cause
57
(testosterone) may be helpful at that time, because it can improve interest in sexual activity
Administration of androgen
58
It may include instruction and counseling for the couple about sexual feelings and needs.
relieving the underlying cause
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formerly referred to as impotence, is the inability of a man to produce or maintain an erection long enough for vaginal penetration or partner satisfaction (Wessells et al., 2007).
Erectile Dysfunction:
60
Most causes of ED are:
Physical Side effect of certain drugs.
61
such as aging, atherosclerosis, or diabetes, which limit blood supply
Physical
62
Examples of drugs prescribed today for ED are: sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra), which are taken up to once a day to stimulate penile erection (Karch, 2009).
Side effect of certain drugs.
63
Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) Classification:
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor Prescribed as therapy for erectile dysfunction:
64
Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) action
Causes smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum of the penis, achieving erection (Karch, 2009) Dosage: 50 mg PO prn 1 hour before sexual activity, up to one dose per day
65
side effects of viagra
headache, facial flushing, and upset stomach.  Less commonly, ventricular arrhythmia, bluish vision, blurred vision, impairment of blue/green discrimination, or sensitivity to light may briefly occur.  Advise patients not to take this drug within 4 hours of taking an alpha-blocker agent
66
Nursing Implications VIAGRA
Assess patient for pre-existing cardiovascular risk. 1. Caution patient that dose should be limited to one time per day; use is contradicted if the patient is taking nitrates or an alpha-blocker. 2. Erection lasting more than 4 hours (priapism) can occur. Caution patient to alert health care provider if this occurs to avoid penile tissue damage. 3. Caution patients that this drug does not protect against sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy, so the user must continue to use safer sex practices. 4. In rare instances, men taking PDES inhibitors have reported a sudden decrease or loss of vision.  Caution patient that if he experiences sudden decrease or loss of vision to stop taking the medication and call a doctor right away
67
Alternative Treatment
1. A surgical implant to aid erection by the use of vacuum pressure is a possible alternative (Hossein, 2007). 2. Testosterone injections may be helpful in some men. 3. In all instances, frank discussion about the cause of the problem and currently available therapies is helpful. 4. Various herbal products such as fennel extracts are available for women that may improve sexual libido. 5. Vibration or vacuum devices are also available to increase clitoral enlargement and sexual arousal in women
68
is ejaculation before penile-vaginal contac
Premature Ejaculation
69
The term also is often used to mean ejaculation before the sexual partner's satisfaction has been achieved.
Premature Ejaculation
70
can be unsatisfactory and frustrating for both partners.
Premature Ejaculation
71
occurs in men when semen leave the body (ejaculate) sooner than wanted during sex
Premature Ejaculation
72
is a common sexual complaint  As many as 1 out of 3 people say they have it at some time.  Premature ejaculation isn't cause for concem if it doesn't happen often flut you might be diagnosed with ____if you  Always or nearly always ejaculate within 1 to 3 minutes of penetration  Are not able to delay ejaculation during sex all or nearly all the
Premature Ejaculation
73
Premature ejaculation can be classified as:
Lifelong and Acquired
74
ejaculation occurs all or nearly all the time beginning with the first sexual encounter
Lifelong premature
75
ejaculation develops after having previous sexual experiences without problems with ejaculation.
Acquired premature
76
Psychological causes Premature ejaculation
 Psychological factors that might play a role include:  Early sexual experiences  Sexual abuse  Poor body image  Depression  Worrying about premature ejaculation  Guilty feelings that can cause you to rush through sex  Other factors that can play a role include:  Erectile dysfunction.  Anxiety.  Relationship problems.  Other reasons suggested are doubt about masculinity and fear of impregnating a partner, which prevent the man from sustaining an erection.
77
Treatment Premature ejaculation
: Sexual counseling for both partners to reduce stress, as well as serotonergic antidepressants such as Mirtazapine, may be helpful in alleviating the problem.
78
is excessive and unrelenting sexual arousal in the absence of desire  is spontaneous, persistent, unwanted and uncontrollable genital arousal in the absence of sexual stimulation or sexual desire, and is typically not relieved by orgasm.  It may be triggered by medications or psychological factors.  When assessing someone with the disorder, be certain to ask if the person is taking any herbal remedies such as Ginkgo biloba because some of these can have arousal effects.
Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome
79
Because the reproductive system has a sensitive nerve supply, when pain occurs in response to sexual activities, it can be acute and severe and impair a person's ability to enjoy this segment of their life.
Pain Disorders
80
is involuntary contraction of the muscles at the outlet of the vagina when coitus is attempted that prohibits penile penetration.
Vaginismus
81
Vaginismus Treatment:
sexual or psychological counseling to reduce this response may be necessary.
82
Dyspareunia
is pain during coitus. - This can occur because of endometriosis abnormal placement of endometrial tissue.
83
Dyspareunia SYMPTOMS
 If you have painful intercourse, you might feel: -Pain only at sexual entry (penetration)  Pain with every penetration, Including putting in a tampon Throbbing pain, lasting hours after intercourse  Deep pain during thrusting  Burning pain or aching pain
84
Dyspareunia CAUSES
Physical causes of painful intercourse differ, depending on whether the pain occurs at entry or with deep thrusting.  Emotional factors might be associated with many types of painful intercourse.
85
Pain during penetration might be associated with a range of factors, including:
Entry pain
86
Pain during penetration might be associated with a range of factors, including:
Not enough lubrication. This is often the result of not enough foreplay.  Certain medications are known to affect sexual desire or arousal, which can decrease lubrication and make sex painful.  Injury, trauma or irritation.  Inflammation, infection or skin disorder.  Vaginismus.  A problem present at birth. Not having a fully formed vagina (vaginal agenesis) or the development of a membrane that blocks the vaginal opening (imperforate hymen) could cause dyspareunia.
87
Deep pain Causes include
 Certain illnesses and conditions. The list includes endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine prolapse, retroverted uterus, uterine fibroids, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic floor dysfunction, adenomyosis, hemorrhoids and ovarian cysts.  Surgeries or medical treatments. Scarring from pelvic surgery, including hysterectomy, can cause painful intercourse. Medical treatments for cancer, such as radiation and chemotherapy, can cause changers that make sex painful.
88
Emotional factors Deep pain DYSPAREUNIA
Psychological issues. Anxiety, depression, concerns about your physical appearance, fear of intimacy or relationship problems can contribute to a low level of arousal and a resulting discomfort or pain.  Stress  History of Sexual abuse. It can be difficult to tell whether emotional factors are associated with dyspareunia.  Initial pain can lead to fear or recurring pain, making it difficult to relax, which can lead to more pain. You might start avoiding sex if you associate it with the pain.
89
(inflammation of the vestibule), vaginal infection, or hormonal changes such as those that occur with menopause and cause vaginal drying. A psychological component may be present.
Vestibulitis
90
is a type of vulvodynia, or pain around the vulva---the sex organs outside a woman ’s body. -The pain is in your vestibule, the part of your vulva around the opening of your vagina.
Vulvar vestibulitis, also known as VVS,
91
VVS can be aggravated by
acid foods in the diet, by low levels of estrogen hormone, and by any infections that happen to occur while it is there. At the same time, it seems that many treatments bring about at least some relief in some women.
92
TREATMENT FOR VVS OR DEEP PAIN
Treatment. is aimed at the underlying cause. Encouraging open communication between sexual partners can be instrumental in resolving the problem.

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