Sexuality

Question 1

What are sexual scripts?

Answer 1

a stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually

Question 2

According to the National Sexual Health Survey, what is the mean age for first sexual intercourse?

Answer 2

18 years

Question 3

What are some risk factors of sexual activity in adolescence? (5)

Answer 3

• not emotionally prepared
• early sexual activity linked with risky behaviours (e.g., drugs)
• personal fable (it won’t happen to me)
• teen pregnancy
• STIs

Question 4

Name the 4 stages of the Formation of Homosexual Identities

Answer 4

1. Sensitization
2. Identity Confusion
3. Identity Assumption
4. Commitment

Question 5

Explain the stage of Sensitization (4)

Answer 5

• marginalized from peers
• more concern with gender gratification
• internalization of negative self concept
• occurs before puberty

Question 6

Explain the stage of Identity Confusion (4)

Answer 6

• begin to recognize homosexual feelings and behaviours
• conflict between identity developed as a child and identity demanded as an adolescence
• no evidence for a clear category for inclusion
• occurs during adolescence

Question 7

Explain the stage of Identity Assumption (4)

Answer 7

• reduction in social isolation and increase in contact with other queer people
• learning to manage social stigma
• coping techniques
• occurs at ages 19-23

Question 8

Explain the stage of Commitment (4)

Answer 8

• homosexuality becomes a state of of being and blending into one’s lifestyle
• accomplishment of same-sex love commitment
• identification of oneself as queer to straight people
• increased self satisfaction and happiness

Question 9

Name 4 strategies used to cope with stress of Identity Confusion

Answer 9

• denial
• avoidance
• repair (attempt to be heterosexual)
• acceptance

Question 10

Name and explain 4 coping techniques for the stage of Identity Assumption

Answer 10

• capitualization - giving in to the negative view of homosexuality
• ministralization - adopting stereotypical behaviour and exaggerated homosexual mannerisms
• passing - concealing own homosexuality from society
• group alignment - immersing oneself into queer communities and excluding most heterosexual contexts

Question 11

What are predisposing factors for teenage pregnancy? (6)

Answer 11

• living with a single parent
• mother with adolescent pregnancy
• older sexually active siblings
• pregnant/parent teenage sisters
• being a victim of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse
• stress, depression, conflict at home

Question 12

What are the consequences of adolescent pregnancy? (4)

Answer 12

• health risks for both baby and mother
• low birth weight
• infant mortality and neurological problems
• financial, emotional, and psychological instability

Question 13

How are STIs contracted? (3)

Answer 13

• sexual intercourse
• oral sex
• anal sex

Question 14

Which STIs are caused by viruses (4) and which are caused by bacteria (3)?

Answer 14

Viruses:
- AIDS
- Genital herpes
- HIV
- Genital warts (HPV)

Bacteria:
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- Chlamydia

Question 15

Define HIV, AIDS, and HPV

Answer 15

HIV - human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome

HPV - human papilloma virus

Question 16

Give the characteristics of AIDS (3)

Answer 16

• destroys immune system
• higher % acquired through heterosexual transmission
• higher % of adolescents are asymptomatic but become symptomatic in adulthood (HIV positive)

Question 17

Give the characteristics of genital herpes (3)

Answer 17

• same family as cold sores & chicken pox
• can pass through non-latex condoms
• no cure

Question 18

Give the characteristics of genital warts (5)

Answer 18

• caused by HPV
• sometimes asymptomatic
• treated by drugs, freezing, or surgery
• prevented by vaccines in girls
• may be linked to cervical cancer

Question 19

Give the characteristics of gonorrhea (2)

Answer 19

• discharge from penis and burning during urination in males
• irritating vaginal discharge in females

Question 20

Give the characteristics of syphilis (3)

Answer 20

• can be transmitted through foetal-maternal bloodstream
• 4 phases: sores–> rash–> no symptoms–> cardiovascular disease, blindness, liver damage, death
• treated with penicillin

Question 21

Give the characteristics of chlamydia (3)

Answer 21

• most common
• 70% risk of women contracting it
• 25-50% risk of men contracting it

Question 22

What are key findings from the sexual health survey in 2012? (4)

Answer 22

• sex ed formally starts during teen years
• mothers and teachers are the most important sources of sex ed
• teens desire more involvement from parents in sex ed
• books/internet/seminars are mostly used by teens for sex ed

Question 23

Describe the cognitive differences about sex from ages 10-19 (3)

Answer 23

Young adolescents (10-15) - experience sex in a depersonalized way filled with anxiety and denial

Middle adolescents (15-17) - romanticize sexuality

Later adolescents (18-19) - realistic and future oriented about sexual experiences

Question 24

What recent findings reveal about abstinence only programs (2) and knowledge about contraception (2)?

Answer 24

Abstinence only programs:
- do not prevent STIs
- do not prevent teen pregnancies

Knowledge about contraception:
- doesn’t increase sexual intercourse
- prevents STIs and teen pregnancies

Question 25

Which country has the lowest teen pregnancy rates?
Why?

Answer 25

Sweden

better sex ed that demystifies and dedramatizes sex to make students less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancies and STIs