Sexual Selection (E1)

Question 1

Scorpionflies

Answer 1

A) package food in a gift that may be empty
B) male may mimic a female to steal another male’s nuptial gift

Question 2

Nuptial gifts

Answer 2

A type of courtship in the female choice; good providers
Best prospective partner; measures dedication to provisioning

Question 3

Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis

Answer 3

Parasites and pathogens plays a big role in sexual selection in they affect costly secondary sexual traits
Predicts that parasites reduce the expression of male secondary sexual traits, females should prefer males with the strongest expression of the trait

Question 4

Handicap Hypothesis

Answer 4

Exaggerated secondary sexual traits decrease survival, but are reliable signals of extraordinary fitness

Question 5

Stalk-eyed fly

Answer 5

An example of handicap hypothesis

Question 6

Runaway selection

Answer 6

If a male trait evolved with a female preference for it, the trait gets increasingly exaggerated
E.g. peacock

Question 7

African widow birds

Answer 7

Idk

Question 8

Ctenophores

Answer 8

Example of cryptic female choice: egg chooses which sperm fertilizes it

Question 9

Satellite male

Answer 9

Loiters to intercept females attracted to dominant males

Question 10

Sneaker male

Answer 10

Mimic female color to enter dominant’s territory
-Genotyping: can be more successful than a male

Question 11

Sperm competition

Answer 11

Male reduces other male’s sperm fertilizing females through extraordinary means
E.g.drosophila semen

Question 12

Sexual conflict

Answer 12

Both sexes evolving their traits to counter the other’s competitive traits

Question 13

Bateman’s Principle

Answer 13

Sex with most invested had most to lose
E.g. female RS limited by # of young raised, male RS limited by # females mated

Question 14

Phalaropes

Answer 14

Females lay a clutch and care takes 3 months
E.g. females destroy eggs to free up a male

Question 15

Reversed dimorphism

Answer 15

The female is the pursuer bc she invests less

Question 16

Side-botched lizards

Answer 16

Orange->blue->yellow->orange

Question 17

Túngara frog

Answer 17

Mating call not only attracts females but predators(bats)
E.g.exaggerated traits

Question 18

Sexual selection vs. natural selection

Answer 18

Differential representation due to differential survivorship(NS) or reproduction(SS)

Question 19

In what ways do females choose good providers?

Answer 19

A) good providers
B) good genes
C) runaway selection
D) cryptic

Question 20

Four ways cryptic female choice can happen

Answer 20

A) expel sperm of subordinate males (hens, robins)
B) ovarian fluids favor certain ejaculation (ocellated wrasses)
C) store sperm in spermatheca (choosing those of male who brought biggest nuptial gift)
D) egg chooses which sperm fertilized it (ctenophores)

Question 21

Drosophila semen evolved?

Answer 21

A) Reduce his mate’s prospensity to then copulate with another male
B) increase her egg laying
C) as a byproduct of these effects upon female, semen is low-level toxin

Question 22

How and why do mating systems influence testes?

Answer 22

A) 450 lb gorilla - 1 oz - exclusive access to 4-5 females
B) 175 lb human/orangutan - 1.5 oz - compete to access female
C) 100 lb chimpanzee - 4 oz - multiple mates