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BIO 9B > Mutation (E1) > Flashcards

Mutation (E1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosomes

A

13 pairs of DNA that makes up living beings

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2
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the chemicals that make up living beings

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3
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid; a copy of a strand of DNA

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4
Q

Blending inheritance

A

Theory that the progeny inherits any characteristic from their parents

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5
Q

Heredity

A

Passing down of genetics

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6
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA

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7
Q

Polygenetic trait

A

Many genes that are a single gene carrying a single trait

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8
Q

Pleiotropic genes

A

Single genes that makes up many traits

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9
Q

Mendelian trait

A

Classic genetics; heritance follows particular patterns

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10
Q

Earwax genes

A

An example of inheritance such as majority of Asians having dry earwax while others may have wet earwax

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11
Q

Diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

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12
Q

Haploid cells

A

Contains one single set of chromosomes

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13
Q

Polyploid cells

A

More than two sets of chromosomes in each cell which isn’t better or anything

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14
Q

Dominant allele

A

The allele that will be result in the more prevalent trait

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15
Q

Recessive allele

A

The allele that results in the less prevalent gene to be expressed

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16
Q

Heterozygous

A

Opposite alleles but the dominant is expressed

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17
Q

Homozygous

A

Whether double recessive of double dominant, results in either being expressed

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18
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical expression of a gene trait

19
Q

Genotype

A

The trait expressed within the genes

20
Q

Punnett square

A

A way to calculate the possible genotypes from parents

21
Q

Body odor gene

A

May be smelly or not decided by gene

22
Q

Sex-linked inheritance

A

Traits that are sex linked; XX or XY; results in ovaries or balls type stuff

23
Q

Autosome

A

Any chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome

24
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

XX XY etc

25
Q

Point mutation

A

A mutation that occurs at one point
(Substitution, insertion, deletion)

26
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve

27
Q

Polyploidy

A

Much like the cell it determines more than two sets of chromosomes

28
Q

Codon

A

3 amino acid set (mRNA base triplet)

29
Q

Regulatory vs structural genes

A

Structural: makes proteins your body needs to function
Regulatory: makes proteins that regulate when and where structural genes are made

30
Q

SNP

A

Single nucleotide polymorphism
(Change in a DNA base) (gene has more than one type of variant)
(Snips)

31
Q

Silent mutation

A

No change

32
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

A sickle cell trait shares resistance to anemia
(Hemoglobin mutation that’s bad and good)

33
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

A potent neurotoxin that kills the victim

34
Q

Garter snake

A

SNP causes change protein to mutate so it can eat the poisonous new safely

35
Q

Rough-skinned newt

A

Has toxins
SNP in gene for channel protein creates resistance
Results in predator-prey arms race

36
Q

Beta globin family

A

Consists of five functional genes and two pseudo genes

37
Q

Orthologous genes

A

Descendent genes

38
Q

Paralogous genes

A

Duplicated genes that take on new rules

39
Q

Gene family

A

A set of several similar genes formed by duplication of a single original gene and generally with similar biochemical functions

40
Q

Gene speciation

A

One that can be shown to cause some degree of ecological, sexual, or post-mating isolation between young or even nascent species
evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species

41
Q

Whole gene duplication

A

In the name gene duplication

42
Q

Conserved gene

A

Doesn’t change over time

43
Q

Ancestral gene

A

Changing over time gene

BIO 9B (17 decks)

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