Mutation (E1)

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

13 pairs of DNA that makes up living beings

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the chemicals that make up living beings

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid; a copy of a strand of DNA

Question 4

Blending inheritance

Answer 4

Theory that the progeny inherits any characteristic from their parents

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

Passing down of genetics

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A segment of DNA

Question 7

Polygenetic trait

Answer 7

Many genes that are a single gene carrying a single trait

Question 8

Pleiotropic genes

Answer 8

Single genes that makes up many traits

Question 9

Mendelian trait

Answer 9

Classic genetics; heritance follows particular patterns

Question 10

Earwax genes

Answer 10

An example of inheritance such as majority of Asians having dry earwax while others may have wet earwax

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

2 sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

Question 12

Haploid cells

Answer 12

Contains one single set of chromosomes

Question 13

Polyploid cells

Answer 13

More than two sets of chromosomes in each cell which isn’t better or anything

Question 14

Dominant allele

Answer 14

The allele that will be result in the more prevalent trait

Question 15

Recessive allele

Answer 15

The allele that results in the less prevalent gene to be expressed

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Opposite alleles but the dominant is expressed

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

Whether double recessive of double dominant, results in either being expressed

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

The physical expression of a gene trait

Question 19

Genotype

Answer 19

The trait expressed within the genes

Question 20

Punnett square

Answer 20

A way to calculate the possible genotypes from parents

Question 21

Body odor gene

Answer 21

May be smelly or not decided by gene

Question 22

Sex-linked inheritance

Answer 22

Traits that are sex linked; XX or XY; results in ovaries or balls type stuff

Question 23

Autosome

Answer 23

Any chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome

Question 24

Sex chromosomes

Answer 24

XX XY etc

Question 25

Point mutation

Answer 25

A mutation that occurs at one point (Substitution, insertion, deletion)

Question 26

Neuron

Answer 26

Nerve

Question 27

Polyploidy

Answer 27

Much like the cell it determines more than two sets of chromosomes

Question 28

Codon

Answer 28

3 amino acid set (mRNA base triplet)

Question 29

Regulatory vs structural genes

Answer 29

Structural: makes proteins your body needs to function Regulatory: makes proteins that regulate when and where structural genes are made

Question 30

SNP

Answer 30

Single nucleotide polymorphism (Change in a DNA base) (gene has more than one type of variant) (Snips)

Question 31

Silent mutation

Answer 31

No change

Question 32

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 32

A sickle cell trait shares resistance to anemia (Hemoglobin mutation that’s bad and good)

Question 33

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 33

A potent neurotoxin that kills the victim

Question 34

Garter snake

Answer 34

SNP causes change protein to mutate so it can eat the poisonous new safely

Question 35

Rough-skinned newt

Answer 35

Has toxins SNP in gene for channel protein creates resistance Results in predator-prey arms race

Question 36

Beta globin family

Answer 36

Consists of five functional genes and two pseudo genes

Question 37

Orthologous genes

Answer 37

Descendent genes

Question 38

Paralogous genes

Answer 38

Duplicated genes that take on new rules

Question 39

Gene family

Answer 39

A set of several similar genes formed by duplication of a single original gene and generally with similar biochemical functions

Question 40

Gene speciation

Answer 40

One that can be shown to cause some degree of ecological, sexual, or post-mating isolation between young or even nascent species ***evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species***

Question 41

Whole gene duplication

Answer 41

In the name gene duplication

Question 42

Conserved gene

Answer 42

Doesn’t change over time

Question 43

Ancestral gene

Answer 43

Changing over time gene