Darwin & Selection (E1)

Question 1

HMS Beagle

Answer 1

The ship Darwin took from the British Isles-South America-Galapagos Islands-Australia-Keeling Islands-South Africa-Brazil-British Isles

Question 2

Natural selection

Answer 2

Favorable traits survive

Question 3

Charles Darwin

Answer 3

Born in 1809 and published Origin of Species in 1859. The scientist who discovered natural selection

Question 4

Alfred Russell Wallace

Answer 4

Lost in a jungle that worked with Darwin and is credited for discovering evolution by natural selection (majority of credit given to Darwin)

Question 5

Galapagos finches

Answer 5

The gateway drug to natural selection and evolution in which the finch evolved a variety of beaks from large to small and wide to narrow.

Question 6

Adaptation

Answer 6

Favorable traits survive (hence natural selection)

Question 7

Fitness

Answer 7

Increase survival/reproductive success

Question 8

Individual variation

Answer 8

An organism’s morphology; physiology; & behavior
London terriers; pigeons(curly, long necked, long toe hair, etc)

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

The outside traits

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

The traits given by the passed down genes

Question 11

Thomas Malthus

Answer 11

Coined struggle for existence but is largely credited to Darwin

Question 12

James Hutton

Answer 12

Coined perpetual change but is credited toward Darwin

Question 13

Directional selection

Answer 13

Increases on a favorable trait (farmer’s do this for their crops)

Question 14

Stabilizing selection

Answer 14

Selects against extremities and varies around the mean
(Ex. Baby birth weights - babies too big or too small don’t survive)

Question 15

Disruptive(diversifying) selection

Answer 15

Selects against the average/favors extremities

Question 16

Darwin’s three factors

Answer 16

1. Individual variation in phenotypes
2. Struggle for existence
3. Geological time & perpetual change

Question 17

Wild mustard

Answer 17

An example of directional selection in which many crops come from the wild mustard (cabbages, cauliflower, etc)

Question 18

Reproductive success

Answer 18

The fitness of one’s traits being passed down

Question 19

Fossils

Answer 19

Evidence of past uncovered from earth’s crust

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

Pattern descent with modification

Question 21

Darwin factor: individual Variation in phenotype

Answer 21

An organism’s morphology, physiology, and behavior: genotype and environment

Question 22

Darwin factor: struggle for existence

Answer 22

Some traits are selected for/against by: breeders & environment

Question 23

Darwin factor: geological time & perpetual change

Answer 23

Fossils slowly changing with time
Deeper fossils were simpler in form-superposition
Fossils closer to surface resemble Living animals