Population Genetics (E1)

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

One half of the minds behind population genetics

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

One half of the minds behind population genetics

Question 3

Heterozygous

Answer 3

A pair of chromosomes that are different alleles

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

A pair of chromosomes that share the same allele

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

Traits that are favored for survival

Question 6

Sexual selection

Answer 6

Traits that are favored for mating

Question 7

Species

Answer 7

A group of interbreeding populations

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

Group of interbreeding individuals

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

Descent with modification

Question 10

Allele frequency

Answer 10

How often alleles turn up within a population

Question 11

Non-random mating

Answer 11

Mating isn’t by chance, but due to sexual selection

Question 12

Mutation

Answer 12

An unexpected change in an allele that may or may not have bad results

Question 13

Genetic drifts

Answer 13

Allele frequency changes due to random chance

Question 14

Immigration

Answer 14

New individuals flow into a new area causing frequency to change

Question 15

Emigration

Answer 15

New individuals flow out of an area causing frequency to change

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg equation & equilibrium

Answer 16

p+q=1
Allele frequencies will remain constant as long as you follow the rules
(1.no NS, 2.no mutation, 3.popn are infinite in size, 4.no migration, 5.random mating only)
p=freq of dominant allele, q=freq of recessive)

Question 17

Earwax alleles

Answer 17

81% of Asians are reported to have dry ear wax

Question 18

Genotype vs phenotype

Answer 18

Gene vs physical traits

Question 19

Gene pool

Answer 19

Sum of alleles in a population

Question 20

Lek

Answer 20

Example of sexual selection

Question 21

Population bottleneck

Answer 21

A form of genetic drift caused by drastic reduction in popn size…reduces genetic variation

Question 22

Founder effects

Answer 22

Form of genetic drift that occur only a subset of popn moves to a new area

Question 23

Inbreeding depression/coefficient

Answer 23

A popn’s genetic variation reflects popn size
Often a result of popn bottleneck
Deterious recessive traits are more likely to occur in homozygous state

Question 24

Pleiotropic genes

Answer 24

1 gene, many traits

Question 25

Linkage disequilibrium

Answer 25

Non-random association of alleles at different loci

Question 26

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 26

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

Question 27

Frequency dependent selection

Answer 27

Less abundant morph has advantage Results in prey switching

Question 28

Apopstatic selection

Answer 28

Also known as prey switching Fitness depends on frequency; predator focuses on the more abundant prey and switches when that prey isn’t as abundant as another

Question 29

Polymorphism

Answer 29

Discontinuous genetic variation resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species

Question 30

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 30

Antibiotic resistance gene (HGT)

Question 31

Roundup Ready plants

Answer 31

Example of HGT where 2 bacteria come in contact (prevents weeds from growing but doesn’t affect the plant)

Question 32

Plasmids

Answer 32

Self replicating, extra chromosomal DNA molecules Example of HGT

Question 33

Neutral Theory of Evolution

Answer 33

Most genetic variability comes from mutations that are neutral (non-coding, redundant, or benign) Part of molecular clock

Question 34

Molecular clock

Answer 34

Used to measure evolutionary time; assumes the NTME

Question 35

5 Mechanism that violate Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 35

NS, mutation, finite population, migration, SS