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BIO 9B > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diffusion / facilitated diffusion / osmosis / bulk transport / active transport

A

All part of transportation across membranes
Diffusion(high to low concentration)
Facilitated(carrier-mediated)
Osmosis(high to low water potential)
Bulk(exocytosis/endocytosis)
Active(proton pumps)

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2
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Tendency for water tp diffuse via osmosis

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3
Q

Hypertonic / hypotonic / isotonic

A

Highest [conc.] / low [conc.] / balanced (conc.]

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4
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Presses plasma membrane against cell wall

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5
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure down their electrochemical gradient

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6
Q

Thylakoid

A

Stacks (hollow)
Protein clusters where light reactions take place
Inside chloroplast

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7
Q

Stroma

A

Plasma within chloroplasts

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Most his world depends on this for fixed carbon
Two membranes, complex membrane structure inside

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9
Q

Phycobiliproteins

A

Water soluble, in stroma, Cyanobacteria, rhydophyta

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10
Q

Carotenoids

A

Found in all 3 domains of life
Embedded in thylakoid membrane

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11
Q

Accessory pigments

A

Absorbs pigments that chl a doesn’t

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12
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigment found in plants

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13
Q

Antenna complex

A

Chl molecule packed together with proteins

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14
Q

Reaction center

A

As semblance of proteins and pigments

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15
Q

Photosystem

A

Mechanism in plants by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Two PS embedded in thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

Oxidation / reduction

A

Loses electrons / gains electrons

17
Q

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

Results in movement of electrons in a non-cyclic manner for synthesizing ATP molecules using energy from excite delectrons provided photosystem II

18
Q

Carbon fixation

A

Process by wherein photosynthetic organisms turn inorganic carbon into organic compounds

19
Q

Rubisco

A

The enzyme responsible for the fixation of carbon derived from atmospheric CO2 as part of Calvin cycle that leads to production of glucose essential for growth in photosynthetic organisms

20
Q

Photorespiration

A

Respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide

21
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides

22
Q

Binary fission

A

Asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies
Organisms duplicates genetic material and divides into two parts

23
Q

Bacterial conjugation

A

Exchange of plasmids
Small rings of DNA not part of main chromosomes

24
Q

Obligate aerobe / obligate anaerobe / facultative aerobe

A

Require O2 / cannot function in presence of O2 / can be either(use O2 of present or use fermentation if O2 absent)

25
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Organisms that use light energy and inorganic carbon to produce organic materials

26
Q

Stromalite

A

Layers of Cyanobacteria and CaCO3 rich sediment
Very abundant when earth was young
Geologically ancient-35 billion years

27
Q

Trichome

A

Unicellular or multicellular appendages which are an extension of the above-ground epidermal cells in plants

28
Q

Uniseriate / multiseriate filaments

A

Only 1 trichome in filament / 1 cell across the filament
Both can branch

29
Q

Nitrogenase

A

Metalloenzyme system that plays a critical role in biological nitrogen fixation

30
Q

Heterocyst

A

Thick walled cells that appear hollow (unpigmented)
No photosynthesis
Prevents atmosphere gases from entering

31
Q

Hormogonium

A

Short pieces of trichome

32
Q

Akinete

A

Thick walled resting endospore

33
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

One of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other

34
Q

Calvin cycle: CO2, ATP, NADPH

A

Captures CO2 and reduces CO2, uses NADPH and some ATP to turn 3PG to G3P that turns them into NADH AND ADD

35
Q

Great Oxygenation event

A

An accumulation of oxygen in a preoxygenated world
The splice in oxygen presence in a once anoxic world

36
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Only Cyanobacteria and some other prokaryotes cam do this
Only Cyanobacteria release O2 during photosynthesis

BIO 9B (17 decks)

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