Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis (Chapter 11)

Question 1

In animals, meiosis takes place in specific cells called _____.

Answer 1

meiocytes

Question 2

_____ form egg cells and the _____ form sperm cells.

Answer 2

Oocytes

spermatocytes

Question 3

Oocytes and spermatocytes are called _____ or _____.

Answer 3

germ cells

gametes

Question 4

In the females of both animals and plants, three of the four products disintegrate and are referred to as _____.

Answer 4

polar bodies

Question 5

Somatic cells of adults have _____ set(s) of chromosomes.

Answer 5

2

Diploid cells

Question 6

Gametes have _____ set(s) of chromosomes

Answer 6

only 1

Haploid cells

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

cell division forming gametes

Question 8

Synapsis

Answer 8

Homologues pair along their length

Question 9

Homologous recombination

Answer 9

Genetic exchange (crossing over) occurs between homologous chromosomes

Question 10

Reduction division

Answer 10

Meiosis involves two successive divisions, with no replication of genetic material between them.

Question 11

Recombination (crossing over) occurs in _____ of Meiosis I.

Answer 11

prophase

Question 12

Recombination (crossing over) involves _____ exchanging genes.

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Recombination (crossing over) generates _____.

Answer 13

diversity

Question 14

Recombination (crossing over) creates chromosomes with new combinations of _____ for genes _ to _.

Answer 14

alleles
A
F

Question 15

Letters denote _____ and lower case denotes _____.

Answer 15

genes

alleles

Question 16

Recombination (crossing over) creates _____.

Answer 16

chiasmata

Question 17

Recombination occurs in _____.

Answer 17

prophase of meiosis

Question 18

Homologs separate in _____ and, therefore, different alleles separate

Answer 18

Meiosis I

Question 19

Meiosis is a mode of cell division in which cells are created that contain only _____.

Answer 19

one member of each pair of chromosomes

Question 20

Meiosis consists of two successive _____.

Answer 20

nuclear divisions

Question 21

Meiosis results in _____, each genetically different and each containing one _____.

Answer 21

four daughter cells

haploid set of chromosomes

Question 22

Meiosis is a more complex and considerably longer process than mitosis and usually requires _____.

Answer 22

days or even weeks

Question 23

Meiosis results in one copy of each chromosome in a _____.

Answer 23

gamete

Question 24

Meiosis II results in _____.

Answer 24

haploid gametes

Question 25

The first meiotic division is termed “_____.”

Answer 25

reduction division

Question 26

Reduction division results in daughter cells that contain one _____ from each _____.

Answer 26

homologue | chromosome pair

Question 27

The second meiotic division does not further reduce the number of _____.

Answer 27

chromosomes

Question 28

The second meiotic division separates the _____ for each homologue.

Answer 28

sister chromatids

Question 29

In prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes become closely associated in _____, exchange segments via _____, and then separate.

Answer 29

synapsis | crossing over

Question 30

In metaphase I of meiosis, the _____ holds homologous pair together.

Answer 30

terminal chiasmata

Question 31

In metaphase I of meiosis, spindle microtubules attach to _____ on the outside of each centromere.

Answer 31

kinetochore proteins

Question 32

In metaphase I of meiosis, joined pairs of _____ line up on metaphase plate. The orientation of each pair is _____.

Answer 32

homologues | random

Question 33

Orientation = _____, where n is number of _____.

Answer 33

2^n | chromosome pairs

Question 34

During anaphase I of meiosis, spindle fibers begin to shorten and pull _____ toward poles.

Answer 34

whole centromeres

Question 35

During anaphase I of meiosis, each pole receives a member of each _____.

Answer 35

homologous pair

Question 36

During anaphase I of meiosis, random orientation results in _____.

Answer 36

independent assortment

Question 37

During telophase I of meiosis, chromosomes are segregated into two clusters: one at each _____.

Answer 37

pole

Question 38

During telophase I of meiosis, the nuclear membrane re-forms around each _____.

Answer 38

daughter cell

Question 39

During telophase I of meiosis, _____ are no longer identical due to crossing over.

Answer 39

sister chromatids

Question 40

Meiosis II resembles _____.

Answer 40

normal mitotic division

Question 41

Prophase II

Answer 41

Nuclear envelope breaks down and second meiotic division begins

Question 42

Metaphase II

Answer 42

Spindle fibers bind to both sides of centromere

Question 43

Anaphase II

Answer 43

Spindle fibers contract and sister chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 44

telophase II

Answer 44

nuclear envelope re-forms

Question 45

Final result of meiosis II is _____.

Answer 45

four haploid cells

Question 46

Genes on different chromosomes undergo _____ because nonhomologous chromosomes align at random in _____.

Answer 46

independent assortment | metaphase I

Question 47

The physical separation of _____ in Anaphase I is the physical basis of Mendel’s principle of _____.

Answer 47

homologous chromosomes | segregation

Question 48

Chromatids usually are not genetically identical because of _____ associated with the formation of _____ during prophase of the first division.

Answer 48

crossing-over | chiasmata

Question 49

Independent Assortment

Answer 49

The homolog of one chromosome can be inherited | with either homolog of a second chromosome.