Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

finals > sexual health and contraception > Flashcards

sexual health and contraception Flashcards

1
Q

cause bacterial vaginosis

A

normal vaginal flora is disturbed, leading to a reduction in the numbers oflactobacillibacteria in the vagina, allowing growth of other microorganisms e.g. Gardnerella vaginalis,anaerobes and mycoplasmas. NOT AN STI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

features BV

A

Offensive fishy smelling vaginal discharge, Not usually associated with soreness, itching or irritation, Thin, white/grey, homogenous vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mx BV

A

Metronidazole. This can be taken orally (400mg twice daily for 5-7 days, or a single dose of 2g) or as a gel applied directly to the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cause of thrush

A

Candida albicans. This particular yeast-like fungus. NOT AN STI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

featurs thrush

A

Itch, diacharge - white, curd-like and non-offensive, dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mx thrush

A

intravaginal antifungal - clotrimazole or fenticonazole, Oral antifungal -fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cause trichomoniasis

A

protozoan - Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

presentation trichomoniasis

A

F: Offensive vaginal odour, Abnormal vaginal discharge – thick/thin/frothy and yellow-green, Itchiness or soreness of the vulva, Dyspareunia, Dysuria, strawberry cervix
M: Urethral discharge, Dysuria,Urinary frequency,pain or itching around the foreskin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mx trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole 2g orally in a single dose or
Metronidazole 400-500mg twice daily for 5-7 day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cause chlamydia

A

Bacterium:Chlamydia trachomatis - obligate intracellular gram negative bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

presentation chlamydia

A

F: dysuria, yellow/green vaginal discharge, Intermenstrual or postcoital bleeding, Deep dyspareunia, Lower abdominal pain
M: Urethritis (Dysuria, Urethral discharge),
Epididymo-orchitis (Testicular pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mx chlamydia

A

Doxycycline100mg twice daily for 7 days or
Azithromycin1g single dose
If CI: Erythromycin500mg twice daily for 10- 14days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cause gonorrhoea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Gram-negative diplococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

presentation gonorrhoea

A

F: Altered/increased vaginal discharge (commonly thin, watery, green or yellow), Dysuria, Dyspareunia
Lower abdominal pain
M: Mucopurulent/purulent urethral discharge, Dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mx gonorrhoea

A

intramuscularceftriaxone 1g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cause HIV

A

HIV is asingle strandedRNA retrovirus that infects and replicates with CD4 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

presentation HIV

A
  1. Seroconversion Illness (flu – like)
  2. Symptomatic HIV (Weight loss, High temperatures, Diarrhoea, Frequent minor opportunistic infections, e.g. herpes zoster or candidiasis)
  3. AIDS defining illnesses (pnuemocystis jiroveci pneumonia, non-Hodgkin’slymphoma, and TB)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mx HIV

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) – combination of drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cause pubic lice

A

Phthirus pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

presentation pubic lice

A

Intense itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mx pubic lice

A

Insecticide (permethrin or malathion), wash clothes and bedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

reducing the risk of HIV transmission in pregnancy to baby

A

Antenatal antiretroviral therapyduring pregnancy and delivery
Avoidance of breastfeeding
Neonatal post-exposure prophylaxis

if followed and undetectable viral load CS not needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cause of genital warts

A

HPV 6 and 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

presentation genital warts

A

warts affecting the penis, scrotum, vulva, inside the vagina, cervix, perianal skin or inside the anus. Usually painless, fleshy growths, soft or hard and can be singular or multiple. Occasionally warts may cause irritation or become inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mx genital warts

A

Topical: Podophyllotoxin (small warts), Imiquimod (larger, partly keratinised)
Physical ablation: excision, cryotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cause genital herpes

A

HSV 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

presentation genital herpes

A

Primary infection: Small red blistersaround the genitals that are very painful and can form open sores, Vaginal or peniledischarge, Flu-like symptoms, Itchy genitals
Secondary/recurrent: burninganditchingaround the genitals, Painful red blistersaround the genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

mx genitala herpes

A

Primary infection =acyclovir
Secondary= painkillers,petroleum jellyandice packs, episodic acyclovir (when sx start)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cause syphilis

A

pirochete gram-negative bacterium-Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

30
Q

presentation syphilis

A

Primary: papule will ulcerate into chancre (painless ulcer)
Secondary: rash, fever, wt loss, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy
Tertiary: gummatous, neurosyphilis, cardiovascular

31
Q

mx syphilis

A

Early syphilis: Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU IM single dose.
Late syphilis: Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU IM 3 doses at weekly intervals

32
Q

cause balanitis

A

Vary - candidiasis, dermatitis, bacteria

33
Q

presentation balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

34
Q

cause chancroid

A

tropical disease - Haemophilus ducreyi

35
Q

presentation chancroid

A

painful genital ulcers associated with unilateral, painful inguinal lymph node enlargement. The ulcers typically have a sharply defined, ragged, undermined border.

36
Q

mx chancroid

A

Azithromycin1 gm orally in a single dose OR Ceftriaxone250 mg IM in a single dose OR Ciprofloxacin500 mg orally 2 times/day for 3 daysOR
Erythromycinbase 500 mg orally 3 times/day for 7 days

37
Q

cause lymphogranuloma venerum

A

Chlamydia trachomati

38
Q

presentation lymphogranuloma venerum

A

Stage 1: small painless pustule which later forms an ulcer
stage 2: painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
stage 3: proctocolitis

39
Q

mx lymphogranuloma venerum

A

doxycycline.

40
Q

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction

A

with syphilis: an inflammatory response secondary to death of treponemes, and results in a flu-like illness within 24 hours of treatment. Supportive measures are all that is required, unless a patient has cardiovascular or neurosyphilis, in which case oral steroids should be administered prior to antibiotics to reduce the risk of an acute localised inflammatory reaction

41
Q

hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

Lack or loss of sexual desire, Absent/deficient sexual and erotic thoughts

42
Q

causes hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

Chronic medical conditions – obesity, CVD, DM, anaemia. Hormonal disorders – androgen deficiency, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinaemia, Addison’s disease. Post-pregnancy. Medications – OCP, oral HRT, tamoxifen, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, beta blockers. Post-surgery – bilateral oopherectomy. Psychological problems – depression, anxiety, body image disorder, life/work stressors, history of abuse, relationship problems

43
Q

mx hypoactive sexuaal desire disorder

A

therapy, testosterone in M

44
Q

causes erectile dysfunction

A

Chronic medical conditions – CVS, DM, neurological disease. Hormonal disorders – androgen deficiency, hyperprolactinaemia. Iatrogenic – post prostate surgery, prescribed medications (antihypertensives, SSRIs). Age. Ineffective sexual stimuli. Pain. Veno-occlusive disorder. ED can be an early sign of CVD and diabetes

45
Q

mx erectile dysfunction

A

sildenafil (viagra), tadalafil, intracavernosal injection, stimulating routines, therapy

46
Q

vaginismus

A

Spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that surround the vagina

47
Q

paraphilia

A

disorder of sexual preference

48
Q

SE of hormone therapy fpr gender transition

A

Increased risk of thrombosis
Causes infertility – so important to council the person about storing their eggs/sperm before this happens (not available on NHS)
Hormone therapy can cause weight gain (important to address this plus other cardiovascular RF)

49
Q

how long live in gender role before hormone therapy

A

2y

50
Q

CI to combined hormonal contraception

A

BMI greater than 35, Breast feeding, Smoking over the age of 35, Hypertension, History of or family history of venous thromboembolisms, Prolonged immobility due to surgery or disability, Diabetes mellitus with complications e.g. retinopathy, History of migraines with aura, Breast cancer or primary liver tumours

51
Q

which contraceptive linked to osteoporosis

A

depo injection

52
Q

MOA combined hormonal contraception

A

primarily toinhibit ovulation, progesterone also acts to inhibit proliferation of the endometrium, and increases the thickness of cervical mucus

53
Q

MOA POP

A

Primarily tothicken the cervical mucus, also inhibits ovulation and thins cervical mucous

54
Q

MOA progesterone implant

A

inhibit ovulation and also thicken cervical mucous and thin endometrium

55
Q

MOA depo injection

A

inhibition of ovulationand thethickening of cervical mucus.

56
Q

MOA IUD

A

Unfavourable environment and inhibiting implantation

57
Q

MOA IUS

A

It thins the endometrium, and thickens cervical mucus

58
Q

contrwception with no user failure

A

injection
implant
iud
ius
sterilisation

59
Q

contraceptive injection

A

progesterone
lasts 8-13w
takes a while to regain fertility

60
Q

implant

A

under skin in arm that releases progesterone
lasts 3y

61
Q

IUS

A

progesterone releasing
works for 3-5y
lighter and shorter and less painful periods, maybe irregular bleeding

62
Q

IUD

A

copper
can last 5-10y
may have heavier or more painful periods

63
Q

contraceptive methods with user failure

A

patch, ring, COCP, POP, condom, diaphragm, family plnning

64
Q

contraceptoive patch

A

on skin and releases oestrogen and progesterone
can make bleeds lighter

65
Q

contraceptive vaginal ring

A

releases oestrogen and progesterone
1 ring stays in for 3w - self insert

66
Q

COCP

A

oestrogen and progesterone
reduces bleeding and pain

67
Q

POP

A

progesterone only

68
Q

condoms

A

protect against STIs

69
Q

diaphragm with spermicide contraceptove

A

put in before sex
need right size

70
Q

emergency hormonal contracpetion

A

Levonorgestrel (marketed as Levonelle One Step): Licensed for use within 72 hours of unprotected sex.
Ulipristal acetate(EllaOne): Licensed for use within 120 hours of unprotected sex.
The Intrauterine Device: must be inserted within5 daysof unprotected sex

71
Q

CI ulipristal acetate

A

Diseases of malabsorption e.g. Crohn’s, Hypersensitivity to Ulipristal Acetate, Severe hepatic dysfunction, Enzyme inducing drugs e.g. rifampicin, Breast feeding –avoid breastfeeding for 7 days after taking UPA, Asthma insufficiently controlled by corticosteroids, Drugs increasing gastric pH e.g. omeprazole, ranitidine

72
Q

CI copper IUD

A

Uterine fibroids with distortion of the uterine cavity, Documented or suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Documented or suspected STI (especially chlamydia or gonorrhoea)

finals (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions