derm Flashcards
how to describe a skin lesion
SCAM
size (widest diameter) and shape
colour
associated secondary change
morphology and margin (border)
what is the ABCDE relating to pigmented skin lesions
increases likelihood of melanoma if any of these features are present
asymmetry
irrecular border
two or more colours within the lesion
diameter over 6mm
evolution (hx change in size, shape or colour)
what is a comedone
a plug in a sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum, bacteria and cellular debris, can present as either open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)
what is koebner phenomenon
a linear eruption arising at site of trauma
what is purpura
red or purple colour (due to bleeding into the skin or mucous membrane) which does not blach on pressure
petechiae (small pinpoint macules) and ecchymoses (larger bruise like patches)
what is a macule
a flat area of altered colour
what is a papule
solid raised lesion <0.5cm in diameter
what is a nodule
solid raised lesion >0.5cm in diameter with a deeper component
what is a plaque
palpable scaling raised lesion >0.5cm in diameter
what is a vesicle
raised, clear fluid-filled lesion <0.5cm in diameter
what is a bulla
large blister
raised, clear fluid filled lesion >0.5cm in diameter
what is a pustule
pus containing lesion <0.5cm in diameter
what is an abscess
localised accumulation of pus in the dermis or subcut tissue
what is a wheal?
transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
e.g. urticaria
what is a boil/furuncle
staph infection around or within a heair follicle
what is a carbuncle
staph infection of adjacent hair follicles (multiple boils/furuncles)
what does excoriation mean
loss of epidermis following trauma
what is lichenification
well defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings
what is hirsutism
androgen dependent hair growth in a femalw
what is hypertrichosis
non androgen dependent pattern of excessive hair growth
what is clubbing
loss of angle between the posterior nail fold and nail plate
suppurative lung disease, cyanotic heart disease, IBD
what is koilonychia
spoon shaped depression of nail plate
iron deficiency anaemia, congenital
what is oncholysis
separation of the distal end of the nail plate from the nail bed
trauma, psoriasis, fungal nail infection and hyperthyroidism
what is pitting of the nail
punctate depressions of the nail plate
psoriasis, eczema, alopecia areata