Sexual Behaviour

Question 1

Some Facts about HIV:

• How many people are currently infected with HIV?
• largest concentration?

Answer 1

• 34 million
• sub-Saharan Africa (also high in Asia and Latin American regions)
• Declined since mid-1990s
• Female percentage increased (>50%)
• circumcised man have a lower risk than uncirumcised

Question 2

Do information aefforts change peopole’s HIV knowledge and behavior?

Answer 2

if they promote condom use (opposed to stay away from sex) YES:

in US has increased safer-sex behavior, 61% of teens use condoms

Question 3

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 3

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom

Question 4

What does HIV stands for?

Answer 4

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 5

How is it called when the HIV invades the CNS?

Answer 5

Encephalopahty

Patients lose their cognitive functions, become disoriented and confused, and eventually lapse into comas

Question 6

What is the main treatment for AIDS today?

Answer 6

a drug called antiretroviral agents

→ suppress HIV reprodcution and reduce viral load

→ highly effective when two or more of this agents are combined, is called HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy

Question 7

Problems associated with the HAART?

Answer 7

♦ very expensive

♦ in low & middle-income countries not available

♦ need 95% compliance

♦ many do not adhere well enough bcz of complexity / side effects / emotional difficulties / drug abuse / …

Question 8

What other factors have to be taken into consideration?

Answer 8

♦ often disclosure to the family decreases progress of disease!!

♦ depressed HIV patients show faster disease progression

♦ Stress Management Intervention: enhance immune function

→ cognitive restructuring of maladaptive beliefs
→ relaxation practices

most likely to enhance emotional adaptation

Question 9

How many year 12 students report always using a condom?

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

How many teenagers report having been high or drunk during their last sexual encounter?

Answer 10

1/4

Question 11

Name three barriers of safe sex

Answer 11

1. unrealistically optimistic estimates of personal risk of infection
2. decreased perceived threat of HIV
3. believe that condom reduces spontanity & sexual pleasure

Question 12

What happens in Australia at the moment with the rate of new HIV infections?

Answer 12

it rises!!!

Question 13

What are the barriers to condom use for women?

Answer 13

it’s a dyadic process!

1. anticipated male objection
2. embarassement in raising the issue
3. concern of what the suggestion implies
4. lack of self-efficacy

Question 14

condom use prediction

with the models HBM and TPB

Answer 14

1. TPB predicts baseline use - but not HBM
2. HBM components changed during intervention, but not TPB
3. TPB was a better predictor of behaviour at follow-up than was HBM

Question 15

With which 4 strategies can prevention be more effective?

Answer 15

1. Tailoring programs
   * eg. target group*
2. Emphasize Skills needed
   * eg. implemention strategies*
3. Encourage disclosure
4. use respected figures / peers