Diet

Question 1

By how much you decrease your weight in average by following some of the popular diets?

Answer 1

around 3 kg (no matter if you follow, 2, 6 or 12Mte)

Question 2

Which three surgerys are there in order to treat severe obesity?

Answer 2

Only done, if BMI > 40!

1. Gastric Band
   * band around the stomach. can make it tighter or wider*
2. Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (alias Stomach Stapling)
   * create a very small stomach poach*
3. Gastric Bypass
   * most common nowadays. partition off a large part of the stomach, so that the remaining stomach has the size of egg & shorten the lenght of the darm, so that less food can be absorbed. *
4. Bilopancreatic Diversion
   * Part of thestomach is resected, creating a smaller stomach (however the patient can eat a free diet as there is no restrictive component). The distal part of the small intestine is then connected to the pouch, bypassing the duodenum and jejunum. Afterwoods you need dietary supplements of vitamins…*

Question 3

Surgery: Name them in the order of there effect size including the average weight loss and reduction in diabetes.

Answer 3

1. Bilopancreatic Diversion: 45kg, ca. -98% diabetes
2. Gastric Bypass: -43kg, -80% diabetes
3. Gastroplasty: -40kg, -70% diabetes
4. Gastric Banding: - 30kg, -50% diabetes

Question 4

Why do diets fail?

Answer 4

1. Unrealistic to stick to them long-term
   
   1. Restrained eating is followed by Disinhibition
   2. Hunger + Deprivation + Craving
   3. Regulatory Strength
2. Diets can lower your metabolism

Question 5

What is the consequences of Restrained Eating?

Answer 5

A Disinhibition Effect: Restricted Intake often followed by disinhibition: what-the-hell effect

• Preload Difference: When preloaded, unrestrained eaters eat less afterwoods - contrary to restraint eaters who eat more.

(also works when they are told, that the calorie was high, they feel their diet has been broaken or told, that their diet starts from tomorrow).

Question 6

What is the Boundary Model of Eating?

Answer 6

There is a Continuum between reallllly hungry and satiety. This continuum is a lot bigger in restrained eater.

• unrestraint eaters: when preloaded, eat from preload to satiety.
• restraint eaters: when preloaded eat:
• 1. to the self-imposed limit*
• 2. if the limit is already exceeded: to satiety, which is a higher amount compared to unrestraint eaters*

Question 7

What is the Consequence of Deprivation?

Answer 7

Craving

As a consequence you crave what you abstain from. And if eating, you tend to eat a lot more compared to people who weren’t restrained to that food.

Question 8

Explain the Self-Regulatory Strength Theory

Answer 8

ego-depletion model

1. All acts of self-control are dependent on a single, limited resource
2. Self-contorol is like a muscle

Question 9

Is there another Solution to reduce weight?

Answer 9

1. Shifting the balance -> small changes!!
2. Eat more fruits & veggies (5+2)
3. Swap yr Snack (Sweet Tooth Hypothesis)
4. Eat less fat (influence how you react to fat)
5. Read the labels: low fat not low cal

Question 10

Other things that should be taken into consideration in dieting?

Answer 10

• limited added sugar
• limited salt intak
• mindless eating
  
  • create consumption norms (eg one subway = 826kcal) <-> portion size
  • self-monitoring: stimulus control

Question 11

What is the problem with the goals and expectation of people when it come to dieting?

Answer 11

They are unrealistic!

• Should rather be process orientated goals instead of outcome orientated goals (make the change for yrself, not in order lo lose weight)
• False-Hope Snydrom: