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3032 > Sexual > Flashcards

Sexual Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 forms of sexual problems are

A

a) sexual dysfunction - disturbances in ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure
b) paraphilia - desire to cause distress, or impairment to self or others, may involve humiliation, objects, non-consent

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2
Q

contrast the 19th century view of sexual activity vs now

A

was thought that excessive activity/self stimulation lead to exhaustion of sexual energy = erectile dysfunction.
NOW - inhibition of sexual expression - negative connotations, prude etc.,

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3
Q

What has influenced the change in perception of sex

A

Technology has normalised exposure to explicit imagery

Knowledge of STI’s spread awareness

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4
Q

STI are ________ in AU, HIV rates are____________

A

rising, stable

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5
Q

Cultures often adopt one of 2 attitudes towards sex_________

A

Sex= pleasure,

sex=procreation

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6
Q

The INCORRECT statement regarding WOMEN is;

a) think less about sexual behaviours
b) have fear + anx about sex
c) have greater sex drive when not in a relationship
d) sexuality closely linked with male’s satisfaction

A

C - have a smaller drive when single

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7
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding men;

a) men use more sex toys
b) men use internet apps more to find a partner
c) report more thoughts about sex + engaging in sex
d) men look at pornography more

A

A - women use toys

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8
Q

What is a criticism of the DSM description of sexual disorders

A

does not pay attention to relational components of human sexuality in describing sexual dysfunction. Important bc for WOMEN sexual dysfunction issues tend to relate closely to relationship issues for women.

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9
Q

Men seek sex for___________, whereas women seek_________ in sex

A

men - sexual attraction + physical gratification

women - relationship closeness

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10
Q

What are the 4 different stages of the sexual response cycle

A

1) desire phase - refers to sexual desire i.e. fantasies, sexual thoughts
2) excitement phase - blood flow to genitals
men - erection women - enlargement of breasts + lubrication
3) orgasm phase - sexual pleasure peaks.
men - ejac women - walls contract
4) resolution phase - relaxation + wellbeing after orgasm.
men - have a REFRACTORY period duration of which VARIES
women - usually able to respond several times to excitement = multiple orgasms possible

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11
Q

What are the criticisms of Kinsey’s sexual response cycle?

A

Some women report co-occurence of desire + excitement phase. Others report desire AFTER physical arousal

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12
Q

Vaginal plethysmography measures_________ whereas a penile plethysmograph measures__________

A

physiological arousal via amount of blood flow to the vagina BUT has little correlation with desire/excitement.
Male arousal via penile circumference.

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13
Q

Sexuality provides us with____________

A

closeness, connection, shared pleasure

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14
Q

The 3 categories of sexual dysfunction are_________

A

a) sexual desire, arousal, interest
b) orgasmic disorders
c) sexual pain

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15
Q

The INCORRECT statement is;

a) dysfunction should occur for 6+ months
b) dysfunction must be associated with physical illness or psychiatric disorder
c) sexual concerns arising from relationship distress do not qualify for sexual dysfunction
d) diagnosis is made based on the stage of sex cycle

A

B - sexual dysfunction CANNOT be associated with relational issues i.e. inability to orgasm because partner is abusive does not count as disorder

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16
Q

In women, arousal, desire, and interest problems are called________whereas in men, they are called________.

A

Women - Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Men - Male Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

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17
Q

Orgasmic disorders for men and women are called ___________

A

Female orgasmic disorder

Erectile disorder

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18
Q

Sexual pain in women is called_________, whereas in men it is called_________

A

Women - genitopelvic pain / peentration disorder

Men - premature /delayed ejaculation

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19
Q

Female sexual, interest and arousal disorder likely involves

A

Persistent defects in desire/interest/bioloical arousal. Frequent in menopausal women DESPITE still getting lubricated, no longer aroused. MORE common in women

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20
Q

DSM criteria for female interest + arousal disorder is

A

LOW subjectivity (arousal), HIGH biological stimulation

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21
Q

Male hypoactive sexual desire DIFFERS from erectyle dysfunction in that

A

a) lack of sexual fantasies/ urges

b) failure to attain OR maintain erection through sexual activity

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22
Q

Which is CORRECT;

a) cultural influences are not important in sexual dysfunction
b) hypoactive sexual desire and arousal more common in UK than US
c) male and female hypoactive sexual desire+ arousal is due to low sex drive
d) erectile dysfunction prevalence generally 20%

A

a - ARE important
b - MORE IN US
c - not necessarily, just bc don’t want sex doesn’t = disorder
d - CORRECT

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23
Q

Criteria for erectile dysfunction _____________

A

persists for 75-100% of time in 6+ months
difficulty attaining/maintaining for completion of sex
decrease in rigidity

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24
Q

Female sexual desire/arousal disorder have 3+ of_________

A

reduced interest in sexual activity; reduced erotic thoughts; reduced initiation of sexual activity / unreceptive to advances; absent excitement/ pleasure in 75-100% of encounter; reduced biological sensarions during sexual activity 75-100% of time.

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25
Q

Describe the features of FEMALE orgasmic disorder

A

persistent absence OR educed intensity of orgasm
after sexual excitement.
Women have different arousal thresholds = need different amounts of clitoral stimulation + some report they need emotional closeness BUT no difference in arousal levels while viewing erotic stimuli in women with/out orgasmic disorder

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26
Q

DSM - criteria for female orgasmic disorder

A
  • if suffer 75-100% sexual encounters
  • experience delay, infrequency or absence of orgasm,
  • marked reduced INTENSITY of orgasm
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27
Q

What is defined as premature ejaculation? how is it diagnosed

A

Less than one minute after insertion. DSM - if on 75-100% of occasions have ejac early.

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28
Q

The LEAST common sexual dysfunction disorder is_______ involving_______

A

Delayed ejaculation, <1%; persisting difficulty in ejaculating

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29
Q

DSM for delayed ejaculation disorder

A

75-100% of encounters experience marked delay/absence in ejaculation

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30
Q

Vaginismus is

A

involuntary muscle spams of the outer third of the vagina making intercourse impossible

31
Q

Genito-pelvic/penetration disorder is

A

persistent or recurrent pain during intercourse, mostly FEMALE oriented.

32
Q

The INCORRECT statement is

a) sexual pain must not be due to medical/desire issue or /menopause
b) women are able to get aroused from erotic pictures of penetration
c) women are able to get aroused from oral and manual stimulation
d) there may be a psychological component to the aetiology

A

B - get aroused from pictures of oral stimulation but NOT aroused from pictures of penetration –> psych element not just physical

33
Q

DSM criteria for genito-pelvic pain /penetration disorder in women is

A

PERSISTENT difficulty with 1+ of;
a) Inability to have vaginal/penetration during intercourse
b) Marked vulvar, vaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal penetration or intercourse
attempts
c) fear/anx about pain or penetration
d)tensing of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration

34
Q

Master and Johnson’s 1970 theory of sexual dysfunction has 2 distinct causes _________

A

Immediate + distal. Overall conceptualise as a complex multifactorial process.

35
Q

The 2 immediate causes of sexual dysfunction according to Master & Johnson are_________and come from________

A

Fear about performance, adoption of a spectator role (observing rather than participating in sex);
come from historical experience (DISTAL) i.e. sociocultural influences, biological causes, sexual abuse

36
Q

Some psychological factors contributing to poor sexual function are___________

A

Anx + mdd (2x likely to have SD issues)
Panic disorder (physiological arousal i.e. HR brings on panic attack)
focus on performance
too much routine
poor self esteem
Rigid narrow or negative attitude towards sex

37
Q

Physical factors predicting poor sexual performance

A

smoking, heavy drinking, medications, cardiovascular disease, diabetes

38
Q

social factors for poor sex function___________

A

history of abuse, relationship problems, poor communication, long periods of abstinence, history of hurried sex

39
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding biological factors in SD;

a) diabetes, multiple sclerosis heavy smoking diminish functioning
b) high levels of hormones causes by anabolic steroids/ supplements enhance performance
c) SSRI’s linked with delayed orgasm, decreased libido and lubrication
d) Gentio-pelvic pain may have a neurobiological basis

A

B - steroids + supplements reduce function

40
Q

How does sexual abuse affect later function

A

reduced desire, arousal, premature ejaculation

41
Q

how does blame contribute to sexual dysfunction

A

if think badly of self, will decrease sexual performance. Among men who were given internal explanation for low arousal, corresponded with low physiol arousal.

42
Q

List some treatments for sexual dysfunction

A
  • Therapist works on relationship issues i.e. communication to improve intercourse
  • helps restore closeness, empathy
  • physical / pharmacological interventions secondary option but may be necessary bc SD is complex, May be offered alone or alongside therapy
43
Q

Anxiety reduction and psycho-education applies to SD by __________

A

1) first using EDUCATION about body + fear (may watch a video)
2) systematic desensitization to try and reduce problems i.e. for penetration disorder try 1 finger at a time

44
Q

Therapist may suggest ____________for erectile dysfunction

A

Expand repertoire to other activities + remove the pressure of penetration

45
Q

How can attitudes and thoughts be changed about SD_______

A
  • Sensate-focus exercises - focus of current feelings rather than worry about performance
  • challenge self-demanding thoughts that underlie SD
46
Q

Communication training involves

A

Encouraging partners to communicate their likes and dislikes to each other, helps to expose partners to anxiety provoking conversations.

47
Q

What is the recommended treatment for female orgasmic disorder / low sexual arousal/desire disorder

A

direct masturbation - examines own body, touch it and enjoy it, then partner comes in later and mimics it.
60-90% effective

48
Q

The 2 types of medications recommended for SD are

A

Antidepressants, PDE-5 inhibitors;

Antidepressants may reduce maladaptive psychological factors + premature ejaculation BUT some types may reduce sex drive

49
Q

The INCORRECT answer is;

a) Sidenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil are types of PDE-5
b) PDE-5 acts on smooth muscle and allows blood flow ONLY during sexual stimulation
c) Erectile dysfunction often comorbid with diabetes
d) Erectile dysfunction often comorbid with indigestion + headaches

A

C - comorbid with cardiovascular disease SO may be dangerous for this population

50
Q

Para means__________ whereas philia refers to___________. Paraphilia must be present for ______months

A

deviation; what a person is attracted to;

6+

51
Q

Fetish disorder, Voyeuristic dis’d, Frotteuristic, Masochism refer to _____ type of attraction, respectively

A

inanimate object / non-genital body partD;
Watching other people have sex
sex with an UNSUSPECTING person
receiving pain

52
Q

What are some of the issues regarding paraphilia classification by the DSM

A

Disorder implies distress + dysfunction BUT if both partners are consenting, does not have to be a ‘disorder’.
- transvestic disorder’ again, may or may not be disordered based on if person feels shame + guilt about their practice

53
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding SD research;
a) Most paraphilia clients are straight males
b) Paraphilia often starts with Fetish, voyeuristic and
exhibitionism
c) all paraphilias often have similar age of onset
d) paraphilia often co-morbid with mood + anx + SUD disorders

A

C - wrong.
-Fetish, voyeuristic and
exhibitionist-ADOLESCENCE
-Sadism + masochism= early adulthood

54
Q

Fetishistic disorder is different from an attraction if

A

The object is EXCLUSIVELY required for arousal // strongly preferred = sexual reliance on this object for 6+ months, inv distress/impairment,

55
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding paediphillia;
a) offender has to be 16+ AND victim 5+ years YOUNGER
b) Manipulation + grooming frequent, insertion sometimes attempted
c) National Crime Authority of Australia defines ‘paedophiles’ as adults with a sexual preference for children
d) ‘child’ refers to anyone below the age
of consent
e) penile plethysmograph can help predict reoffending

A

C - WRONG. Refers to someone who has a PREFERENCE and then ACTS on this preference. Desire alone is not enough.
For diagnosis purposes, desire must be present, frequent, and cause distress to individual

56
Q 
Incest refers to;
a) a first line blood relative 
b) a second line blood relative 
c) close relative for whom marriage is
forbidden
d) parental relations
A

C

57
Q

The most common incestial relationships are

A

Siblings, followed by father daughter

58
Q

Do men committing incest differ from paedophillic men?

A

Yes, incest more likely to abuse girl POST puberty, other will abuse prepubescent

59
Q

DSM criteria for paedophilic disorder is________

A

for at least six months, they experience recurrent and
intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges/ behaviours involving sexual contact with a
prepubescent child. Person will have ACTED on this and it has caused them DISTRESS. Person is >16yo, and child >5 years younger

60
Q

In voyeuristic disorder, FALSE statement is;

a) fantasies about looking at unsuspecting others classifies a diagnosis
b) someone undressing for them, is NOT arousing
c) risk of getting caught elevates arousal
d) for some, this is their only act of sexual activity

A

A - not enough diagnosis. Needs to occur 6+ months, cause distress. Need to ACT ON THESE DESIRES with watching an unsuspecting person

61
Q

Which is INCORRECT regarding exhibiitonism disorder
a) many masturbate during the incident
b) occurs in the same place + time of the day
c) offender experiences headaches, palpitations and
derealisation
d) 1/200 get arrested

A

D - 1/150 gets arrested

62
Q

The DIFFERENCE between voyeuristic and Frotteusrtic disorder is that

A

Frottersitic enjoys PHYSICALLY TOUCHING victim, rubbing self on others

63
Q

between masochism and sadism, the most common is

A

Masochism, being subjected to pain/humiliation.
Sadism is not freq diagnosed bc of stigma = used in FORENSIC settings. Diagnosis requires person to act on this with NON-CONSENTING partner

64
Q

hyposyphilla refers to

A

attraction to strangling

65
Q

_____ type of substance abuse associated with sadism

A

Alcohol

66
Q

Some aetiological factors for paraphilia are

A

high androgens (sex hormones)
history of sexual abuse
impulsivity (to act on urges), may relate to SUD, i.e. alcohol reduces inhibitions even more
negative mood
lack of empathy, hostile attitudes to victim
Low IQ, academia, criminal activity freq,

67
Q

Most paraphillic disorders are often treated voluntarily

T/F

A

False - court ordered

68
Q

What are the challenges therapist faces in treating paraphilia clients and how are these overcome

A

client minimises the harm they inflict
blame the victim
assert that they have control over actions
high drop out rate
TRIES TO motivate client CONTROL urges, highlight
legal + other consequence of the behaviour

69
Q

CBT for paraphilia involves

A

Aversion therapy: men coached to pair paraphilic fantasies with aversive stimuli i.e. small electric shock
Covert sanitation - man imagines situations he finds arousing + at the same time imagines feeling sick/ ashamed for feeling this way
OVERALL therapist tries to change distorted thinking i.e. ‘she was too young to remember’ –> younger = more damage

70
Q

The main biological interventions for paraphilia

A

castration - removal of testes
hormonal treatment
SSRI’s

71
Q

What is the ethical concern associated with biological interventions of paraphilia

A

ethical concerns such as - indefinite

hormonal agents = reduce androgens. They are LIMITED = infertility, liver problems, osteoporosis, diabetes

72
Q

Post-sentence preventive detention order serves to ________ and is present in ALL states of Au (T/F)

A

allows a person post-sentence to be detained indefinitely in prison to ensure adequate protection of the community for serious sexual offences; FALSE

73
Q

diagnosis of paraphilia can lead to placement in a psychiatric facility T/F

A

True

74
Q

The Australian National Child Offender Register

(ANCOR) requires offenders to notify police of their

A

address, places they frequent,car registration + other info

3032 (12 decks)

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