Sexology Literatuur 1

Question 1

sexual behaviors

Answer 1

behavior that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm

Question 2

historic sexual beliefs

Answer 2

• greek: double males, double females, half-half etc.
• christians: nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) come from intercourse with incubi en succubi (tiny creatures)
• muslims: sex is one of the finest pleasures in life (muhammed)

Question 3

cultivation theory

Answer 3

what people see in the media, represents the mainstream of what happens in their society

Question 4

framing theory

Answer 4

news reporters decide what to report and what to ignore and from which perspective etc.

Question 5

social learning

Answer 5

we imitate what we see in media

Question 6

social cognitive theory

Answer 6

effect of media on our behavior, thoughts and affect happen through modeling, imitation and identification

Question 7

selectivity

Answer 7

people select and pay attention to only certain media and their messages, and not to others (consistent with our views)

Question 8

reinforcing spiral theory

Answer 8

social identities influence what media we watch, and that influences our beliefs and identity again (dynamic interplay)

Question 9

differential susceptibilit

Answer 9

not everyone reacts to media the same way

Question 10

ethnocentrism

Answer 10

people perceive their culture as superior

Question 11

machismo

Answer 11

in Latin America: men are responsible for well-being and honor of his femily

Question 12

Marianismo

Answer 12

female counterpart of machismo

Question 13

familismo

Answer 13

another latin american cultural thing

Question 14

phallic aggression

Answer 14

showing the erect penis as an aggressive display

Question 15

sexual freedom

Answer 15

• negative = freedom FROM sexual violence
• positive = freedom TO express …

Question 16

sexual selection: consist of

Answer 16

1) competition among usually males
2) preferential choice by usually females

Question 17

libido

Answer 17

= sex drive, according to freud

Question 18

libido is being focused in the erogenous zones

Answer 18

parts of the skin that are extremely sensitive to stimulation

Question 19

stages of psychosexual development

Answer 19

1) oral stage (0-1 years)
2) anal stage (2 years)
3) phallic stage (3-5 years)
4) latency stage (5 years-adolescence)
5) genital stage (puberty onwards)

Question 20

3) phallic stage (3-5 years)

Answer 20

ALL ACCORDING TO FREUD
- oedipus complex = boy loves mother and desires her, hates father; later, this hostility wears off due to castration anxiety
- girl has penis envy
- electra complex = desire for father

Question 21

4) latency stage (5 years-adolescence)

Answer 21

sexual impulses are repressed or in a quiescent state, so nothing sexual happens

Question 22

olfactory aversion therapy

Answer 22

patient first identifies behavior chain that leads up to the problem behavior, then they imagine 1 event in the chain and are simultaneously exposed to an unpleasant odor

Question 23

social learning theory (bandura)

Answer 23

operant conditioning, imitation and identification
- explains development of gender identity (copying same-sex parent) and many other sexual behaviors

Question 24

social exchange theory

Answer 24

people participate in relationships only if they find that the relationship provides profitable outcomes

Question 25

matching hypothesis

Answer 25

people will choose partners who match their physical and social characteristics

Question 26

gender schema theory (Bem)

Answer 26

everyone possesses a gender schema: a cognitive strucure that contains the set of attributes we associate with a gender

Question 27

feminist theory

Answer 27

gender signals status in a culture, with men having greater status and power - thus: gender is a dimension of inequality

Question 28

intersectionality

Answer 28

we should simultaneously consider an person's multiple group membership and identities, including gender, race, social class and sexual orientation to undertand a person's identity and sexuality

Question 29

performativity

Answer 29

performing gender = for example, women dressing up in dresses and jewelry

Question 30

role taking

Answer 30

individual imagines how they will look from someone else's perspective

Question 31

zygote

Answer 31

fertilized egg

Question 32

embryo

Answer 32

first eight weeks - most major organ systems are formed - ectoderm (nervous system and skin), endoderm (digesive system and respiratory system) and mesoderm (musles, skeleton, connective tissues, reproductive and circulatory systems)

Question 33

fetus

Answer 33

after eight weeks

Question 34

cephalocaudal order

Answer 34

head first, lower body last develops

Question 35

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 35

misplaced pregnancy, when fertilized egg implants somehwere other that the uterus (it's supposed to implant in the fallopian tube)

Question 36

pseudocyesis

Answer 36

false pregnancy; women stops menstruating and may have morning sickness, may even have a fake labor

Question 37

pregnancy-induced hypertension

Answer 37

pregnancy can cause an abnormal rise in blood pressure; this has 3 conditions: 1) hypertension 2) preeclampsia 3) eclampsia

Question 38

1) hypertensia

Answer 38

elevated blood pressure

Question 39

2) preeclampsia

Answer 39

elevated blood pressure and generalized edema (fluid retention and swelling) and proteinuria (protein in urine)

Question 40

3) eclampsia

Answer 40

convulsions, women can go in coma and die

Question 41

preterm birth

Answer 41

prior to 37 weeks

Question 42

infertility

Answer 42

inability of pregnancy after ONE YEAR of trying

Question 42

women's causes infertility

Answer 42

- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - blocked fallopian tubes (chlam of gon) - problems with ovulation - environmental hazards and behavioral factors

Question 43

men's infertility causes

Answer 43

- infections by STD's - low sperm count - exposure to environmental estrogens, which causes sperm to mature too fast which reduces fertilizing capacity - quality of sperm decreases with age

Question 44

GIFT

Answer 44

gamete intrafallopian transfer: sperm and eggs are collected and inserted together in fallopian tube where natural fertilization can take place

Question 45

ZIFT

Answer 45

zygote intrafallopian transfer: fertilizing egg in laboratory dish and placing it in fallopian tube

Question 46

what does pill do

Answer 46

contains higher than natural levels of estrogen and progestin, prevents ovulation

Question 47

LARC

Answer 47

long-acting, reversible contraceptives - more effective than pill

Question 48

rhythm methods

Answer 48

only form of natual birth control: not having sex in fertile period