Sex-role stereotypes and androgyny

Question 1

What is sex?

Answer 1

Whether an individual is biologically + anatomically male or female

Question 2

What is gender?

Answer 2

A social, psychological and appearance sense of whether an individual is male or female

Question 3

What are sex-role stereotypes?

Answer 3

A set of shared expectations within a social group about what men and women should do/think

Question 4

What is androgyny?

Answer 4

A balance of masculine and feminine traits

Question 5

Who proposed the concept of androgyny?

Answer 5

Bem

Question 6

When did Bem create the BSRI?

Answer 6

1974

Question 7

What does BSRI stand for?

Answer 7

Bem Sex Role Inventory

Question 8

Why did Bem argue that androgyny lead to improved mental wellbeing?

Answer 8

Because individuals don’t have to stifle personal inclinations because it doesn’t align with the behaviour expected of their gender

Question 9

Who were Bem’s BSRI participants?

Answer 9

100 American undergraduates

Question 10

What did Bem ask her participants?

Answer 10

Which personality traits were desirable for men and which personality traits were desirable for women

Question 11

How many traits were included in Bem’s BSRI?

Answer 11

60 (20 masculine, 20 feminine and 20 neutral)

Question 12

How did Bem’s participants rate the statements?

Answer 12

Using a 7 point scale

Question 13

How were Bem’s participants numerical scores calculated?

Answer 13

By adding up their numbers that they rated each statement

Question 14

What are the 4 categories in Bem’s study?

Answer 14

Masculine, feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated

Question 15

What are the 4 AO3 points of Bem’s research?

Answer 15

1) BSRI lacks internal validity
2) BSRI has high reliability
3) BSRI lacks external validity
4) Link between androgyny + psychological health

Question 16

Why does Bem’s BSRI lack internal validity?

Answer 16

She used a questionare

Question 17

Why is Bem’s use of a questionnaire problematic? (3)

Answer 17

May suffer from social desirability bias, response bias + demand characteristics

Question 18

What was the test-retest reliability of the BSRI over a 4 week period?

Answer 18

0.76-0.94

Question 19

When a short, 30 question version of the BSRI was made, what was the test-retest reliability?

Answer 19

0.90

Question 20

What traits were removed from the BSRI to improve its reliability?

Answer 20

Undesirable traits like gullible

Question 21

What two types of external validity does Bem’s BSRI lack?

Answer 21

Cross-cultural and temporal

Question 22

Why does the BSRI lack cross-cultural validity?

Answer 22

Based on the responses of American undegraduates

Question 23

Why does the BSRI lack temporal validity?

Answer 23

Created in the 1970s

Question 24

How have sex role stereotypes changed since the 1970s?

Answer 24

Less rigid - e.g. women not expected to be housewives

Question 25

What did Bem predict a correlation between?

Answer 25

Androgyny and psychological health

Question 26

Who conducted a study into the correlation between androgyny and psychological health?

Answer 26

Prakash

Question 27

Who were Prakash’s participants?

Answer 27

100 married Indian females

Question 28

What 2 things were Prakash’s participants tested on?

Answer 28

Their masculinity/femininity and health related measures

Question 29

How did Prakash measure gender?

Answer 29

Using the personal attribute scale

Question 30

What did Prakash find?

Answer 30

Females with high masculinity scores had lower depression levels and vice versa