Cultural and media influences on gender roles

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

Rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members of a society or some other collection of individuals

Question 2

Where did Mead study?

Answer 2

Papa New Guinea

Question 3

What were the 3 tribes that Mead studied?

Answer 3

Arapesh, Tchambuli and Mundugumor

Question 4

What were the Arapesh men and women like?

Answer 4

Kind, loving + nurturing

Question 5

What were the Mundugumor men and women like?

Answer 5

Violent + aggressive

Question 6

What was unique about the Tchambuli tribe?

Answer 6

They exhibited non-stereotypical gender role differences

Question 7

What were the women in the Tchambuli tribe like?

Answer 7

Managerial, dominant + impersonal

Question 8

What were the men in the Tchambuli tribe like?

Answer 8

Emotionally dependent

Question 9

What are the 2 AO3 points for cultural influences on gender roles?

Answer 9

1) Cultural similarities
2) Methodological issues

Question 10

Who studied mate selection preferences?

Answer 10

Buss

Question 11

How many cultures did Buss study?

Answer 11

37

Question 12

What did Buss find women look for in a mate, in all cultures?

Answer 12

Resources + security

Question 13

What did Buss find men look for in a mate, in all cultures?

Answer 13

Youth + attractiveness

Question 14

What did Eagly and Wood suggest about gender role consistency?

Answer 14

That biological differences between men and women allow them to excel at different tasks

Question 15

Why may there be methodological issues with Mead’s study?

Answer 15

She was a Western psychologist studying non-Western cultures

Question 16

What may Mead’s research suffer from?

Answer 16

Imposed etics

Question 17

What is imposed etics?

Answer 17

The use of Western tests to measure behaviour in non-Western cultures

Question 18

What do indigenous people often respond to?

Answer 18

Demand characteristics

Question 19

What is media?

Answer 19

Tools used to store and distribute information

Question 20

How does the media represent men?

Answer 20

independent + directive, pursuing both engaging occupations and recreational activities

Question 21

How does the media represent women?

Answer 21

Dependent, unambitious and emotional

Question 22

How does the media vicariously reinforce gender-specific behaviours?

Answer 22

It gives information about the outcomes of gendered behaviours

Question 23

What are the 2 AO3 points for media influences on gender roles?

Answer 23

1) Research support
2) Effects of media may be insignificant

Question 24

What type of study did Williams conduct?

Answer 24

A natural study

Question 25

Where did Williams conduct her study?

Answer 25

Canada

Question 26

When did Williams conduct her study?

Answer 26

1985

Question 27

What were the pseudo names of the 2 towns in Williams’ study?

Answer 27

Multitel and Notel

Question 28

What did Williams find?

Answer 28

That the Notel children’s attitudes became much more sex stereotyped after the introduction of TV - similar levels to children in Multitel

Question 29

What is the issue with Williams’ study?

Answer 29

Natural experiment so cannot randomly allocate participants

Question 30

What did one researcher suggest was more important on gender roles than media exposure?

Answer 30

Pre-existing community values