Cognitive explanations of gender development: Kohlberg's theory

Question 1

How many stages are in Kohlberg’s gender development theory?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What is the first stage of Kohlberg’s gender development theory?

Answer 2

Gender labelling

Question 3

What is the second stage of Kohlberg’s gender development theory?

Answer 3

Gender stability

Question 4

What is the third stage of Kohlberg’s gender development theory?

Answer 4

Gender constancy

Question 5

What age does gender labelling occur?

Answer 5

2-3 years

Question 6

What age does gender stability occur?

Answer 6

4 years

Question 7

What age does gender constancy occur?

Answer 7

6 years

Question 8

What do children label themselves as in the gender labelling stage?

Answer 8

Boy or girl

Question 9

What is gender based on in the gender labelling stage?

Answer 9

Outward appearance only

Question 10

What can be said about the thinking in the gender labelling stage?

Answer 10

It is preoperational

Question 11

Are gender labels fixed in the gender labelling stage?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What do children recognise in the gender stability stage?

Answer 12

That their gender is constant

Question 13

What do children believe about growing up in the gender stability stage?

Answer 13

That boys grow up to become men and that girls grow up to be women

Question 14

What children not yet realise in gender stability?

Answer 14

That gender is consistent

Question 15

What do children come to realise in the gender constancy stage?

Answer 15

That gender is fixed across all situations and contexts

Question 16

What did Kohlberg suggest that children only begin to realise at the gender constancy stage?

Answer 16

Gender-appropriate behaviours

Question 17

What are the 4 AO3 points of Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 17

1) Research support from Slaby and Frey
2) Overly reductionist
3) Use of stages is problematic
4) Gender differences

Question 18

What did Slaby and Frey ask children?

Answer 18

Whether they would be mummies or daddies when they grow up

Question 19

What did Slaby and Frey find about gender stability?

Answer 19

That children did not recognise gender until 3-4 years

Question 20

What did Thompson ask young children?

Answer 20

Whether they were a boy or girl

Question 21

What percentage of 2 year olds correctly identified their sex in Thompson’s study?

Answer 21

73%

Question 22

What percentage of 3 year olds correctly identified their sex in Thompson’s study?

Answer 22

90%

Question 22

Why are stage theories socially sensitive?

Answer 22

Because parents may be caused psychological harm is they believe that their child isn’t developing typically

Question 22

What did Slaby and Frey find about gender constancy?

Answer 22

That it can occur as young as 5 years old

Question 23

Why does Kohlberg’s theory lack temporal validity?

Answer 23

As due to media exposure, children are aware of gender at a younger age

Question 24

What gender differences were found regarding Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 24

Boys enter gender constancy before girls

Question 25

What two things can explain gender differences found in Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 25

SLT and punishment

Question 26

How can SLT explain gender differences found in Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 26

Male role models more powerful than female role models