Sex Hormones Flashcards
how does the combined oral contraceptive work
the combination of oestrogen and progesterone causes a negative feedback on Lh and FSH, preventing follicle maturation and ovulation
how does the progesterone only pill work
high dose - negative feedback on LH and FSH
low dose - thickening of cervical mucus
what are the side effects of the contraceptive pill
- thromboembolic
- hypertension
- decreased glucose tolerance
- mood swings
what drugs can interact with the oral contraceptive pill
anti-epileptics such as carbamazepine - this reduces the efficacy of the pill
what should you do if you miss one contraceptive pill
take the last pill immediately then continue the rest of the pack as normal
when is HRT given
to help menopause symptoms or help osteoporosis
what are the risks of oestrogen replacement therapy
endometrial and ovarian cancer
what are the side effects of HRT
increase risk of breast cancer
DVTs/PEs as it makes you more hyper-coagulable
how does clomiphene work and what is it used for
binds to oestrogen receptors on the anterior pituitary gland preventing negative feedback allowing a rise in FSH and LH
this induces ovulation
how does tamoxifen work and what is it used for
bind to oestrogen receptors to prevent oestrogen stimulated myoepithelial growth
used for ER positive breath cancer
what are anti-progesterone pills used for
terminate pregnancy or induce labour
what are anti-androgens used for
treating advanced prostate cancer
what does SERM stand for
selective oestrogen receptor modulator
what are SERMs used for
help to protect against osteoporosis
