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Clinical Pharmacology > Psychiatric Medications > Flashcards

Psychiatric Medications Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 core symptoms of depression

A

low mood, lack of energy and anhedonia

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2
Q

what are some of the biological symptoms of depression

A

decreased appetite, sleep disturbances

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3
Q

what are some of the physical symptoms of depression

A

negative thoughts, reduced concentration, irritability

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4
Q

name 3 types of monoamine uptake inhibitors

A

SSRIs, TCAs, SNRIs

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5
Q

what is the first line treatment for depression

A

SSRIs

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6
Q

name an example of a SSRI

A

fluoxetine and citelopram

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7
Q

how do TCAs work

A

inhibit NA re-uptake, reduce cholingeric neurotransmission, block alpha 1 receptors

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8
Q

how do SSRIs work

A

increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic clefts

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9
Q

give an example of a TCA

A

amitiptyline

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10
Q

give an example of a SNRI

A

VENLAFAXINE

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11
Q

why are monoamine oxidase inhibitors no longer used

A

lots of side effects

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12
Q

what are some of the positive symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia

A

hallucinations and delusions

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13
Q

what are some of the negative symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia

A

lack of insight, lack of motivation, poor concentration

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14
Q

what pathways is dopamine involved in which are important in schizophrenia

A

mesolimbic, mesocortical, nigrostriatal, tuberoinfundibular pathways

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15
Q

what pathway(s) are positively affected by using D2 blockers

A

mesolimbic as this is reduced

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16
Q

what 3 neurotransmitters are thought to be important in schizophrenia

A

dopamine, serotonin, glutamate

17
Q

give an example of a typical antipsychotic

A

haloperidol

18
Q

what are some side effects of typical antipsychotics

A

parkinsons symptoms, hypotension, increased prolactin, weight gain

19
Q

which atypical antipsychotic can particularly cause weight gain

A

olanzapine

20
Q

which atypical antipsychotic can particularly cause prolactin production

A

risperidone

21
Q

why is clozapine not used as a first line treatment despite it being an atypical antipsychotic

A

high amount of side effects including constipation, weight gain and constipation

22
Q

what is bipolar disorder

A

where a patient experiences periods of depression and mania

23
Q

what will a patient be like in mania periods of bipolar disorder

A

unusually excited, overactive, rapid speech. poor judgement, psychotic symptoms

24
Q

what mood stabiliser is mostly used in bipolar disorder

A

lithium

25
Q

what are some side effects of lithium use

A

hypothyroidism, weight gain, hair loss, kidney affects, polyuria, tremor

26
Q

what are the different types of mood stabilisers used in bipolar disorder

A

lithium, sodium valproate, carbamezepine, lamotrigine

27
Q

what is anxiety

A

where the patient has a fear which is out of proportion to the stimulus

28
Q

what are the behavioural symptoms of anxiety

A

avoidance of stimulus

29
Q

what are the psychological symptoms of anxiety

A

fear of dying/going crazy

30
Q

what are the physical symptoms of anxiety

A

palpitations, tremor, shortness of breath, nausea, light headedness

31
Q

what is the first line treatment for anxiety

A

CBT

32
Q

what drugs can be used to help treat anxiety

A

benzodiazepines

33
Q

how do benzodiazepines work

A

enhance GABA transmission therefore causing a reduction in stimulation and anxiety

34
Q

what are the problems with benzodiazepines

A
  • develop tolerance
  • withdrawal symptoms
  • side effects
35
Q

what are the side effects of benzodiazepines

A

dry mouth, drowsiness, GI upset, headache, rash

36
Q

what should be given in a benzodiazepines overdose

A

fluazenil

37
Q

what drugs can be used in dementia

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

NMDA antagonists

Clinical Pharmacology (18 decks)

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