Diabetes Flashcards
what is type 1 diabetes
this is where there is an autoimmune attack against the beta cells in the islets of langerhans so insulin isn’t produced
what are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes
polydipsia
polyuria
weight loss
why do type 1 diabetics get polydipsia
the increased amount of glucose in their blood increases their blood osmolality, activating their thirst response
why do type 1 diabetic patients get polyuria
an increase amount of glucose in the tubules of the nephron means less water is reabsorbed as it affects the osmolality gradients
what are the complications of type 1 diabetes
hyperglycaemia
ketoacidosis
dehydration
microvascular and macrovascular complications
explain 3 types of insulin regimens are given to type 1 diabetics
basal - this is where injections of long acting insulin are given to give one constant background level of insulin
basal bolus - this is the same as basal except injections of fast/short acting insulin are given before meals
intermediate - this is where a mix of intermediate and long acting insulins are combined so the patient only needs 2 injections a day
what happens in type 2 diabetes
there is a decrease in the sensitivity of insulin receptors
name 4 types of oral hypoglycaemic therapies
metformin
sulphonylurea
GLP 1
glifozins
what is the first choice drug for type 2 diabetes
metformin
what does metformin do
increases insulin insensitivity
what are the side effects of metformin
lactic acidosis and GI upset
how does sulphonylurea work
stimulates beta cells to produce insulin
what is a side effect of sulphonylurea
weight gain
how does GLP 1 work
stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells and decreases glucagon secretion
how do glifozins work
prevent the reabsorption of glucose in the PCT of the nephron so more glucose leaves in the urine
