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Clinical Pharmacology > Antivirals And Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antivirals And Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Are antivirals more virostatic or virucidal

A

Virostatic - they prevent DNA replication rather than cause viral death

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2
Q

What antiviral can be used empirically

A

Oseltamivir/tamiflu

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3
Q

Name an antiviral given for herpes virus

A

Aciclovir

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4
Q

How does Aciclovir work

A

Terminates the length of the DNA chain of the virus, preventing replication

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5
Q

What can be used for Aciclovir resistant herpes

A

Foscarnet

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6
Q

What is foscarnet used to treat

A

CMV or Aciclovir resistant herpes

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7
Q

What can be used to treat influenza

A

Oseltamivir

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8
Q

What can be used for hepatitis B

A

Lamivudine

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9
Q

What can be used for hepatitis C

A

Ribavirin

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10
Q

What types of drugs can be used for HIV

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Receptor inhibitors

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11
Q

What are some side affects of antibiotics

A

Renal/hepatic toxicity
Allergic reactions
Drug interactions
Overgrowth of other organisms e.g. c diff

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12
Q

What can be used to measure the affect of antibiotics

A

Disc sensitivity testing or MIC testing

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13
Q

Which antibiotics target DNA synthesis

A

Quinolones and folic acid antagonists

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14
Q

Which antibiotics act against protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

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15
Q

Which antibiotics prevent cell wall synthesis

A

Beta-lactams and glycopeptides

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16
Q

What are the 3 methods for horizontal gene transfer

A

Conjugation - bacteria directly pass on new DNA
Transduction - bacteriophages insert new DNA into bacteria
Transformation - free DNA enters through porins

17
Q

Which bacteria is resistant to carbapenem and how

A

E. Coli

This is because they have a reduced permeability to the drug and have developed enzymes to break down the drug

18
Q

What are persuasive techniques for antibiotic stewardship

A

Education and reminders

19
Q

What are restrictive techniques for antibiotics stewardship

A

Authorisation on prescribing

20
Q

What techniques are used for structural antibiotics stewardship

A

Monitoring and computerising records

Clinical Pharmacology (18 decks)

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