Antivirals And Antibiotics Flashcards
Are antivirals more virostatic or virucidal
Virostatic - they prevent DNA replication rather than cause viral death
What antiviral can be used empirically
Oseltamivir/tamiflu
Name an antiviral given for herpes virus
Aciclovir
How does Aciclovir work
Terminates the length of the DNA chain of the virus, preventing replication
What can be used for Aciclovir resistant herpes
Foscarnet
What is foscarnet used to treat
CMV or Aciclovir resistant herpes
What can be used to treat influenza
Oseltamivir
What can be used for hepatitis B
Lamivudine
What can be used for hepatitis C
Ribavirin
What types of drugs can be used for HIV
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Receptor inhibitors
What are some side affects of antibiotics
Renal/hepatic toxicity
Allergic reactions
Drug interactions
Overgrowth of other organisms e.g. c diff
What can be used to measure the affect of antibiotics
Disc sensitivity testing or MIC testing
Which antibiotics target DNA synthesis
Quinolones and folic acid antagonists
Which antibiotics act against protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Which antibiotics prevent cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactams and glycopeptides
What are the 3 methods for horizontal gene transfer
Conjugation - bacteria directly pass on new DNA
Transduction - bacteriophages insert new DNA into bacteria
Transformation - free DNA enters through porins
Which bacteria is resistant to carbapenem and how
E. Coli
This is because they have a reduced permeability to the drug and have developed enzymes to break down the drug
What are persuasive techniques for antibiotic stewardship
Education and reminders
What are restrictive techniques for antibiotics stewardship
Authorisation on prescribing
What techniques are used for structural antibiotics stewardship
Monitoring and computerising records
