Sex Hormone

Question 1

What are hormones

Answer 1

Signaling molecules produced by endocrine glands or specific cells and transported by bloodstream to distant target organs

Question 2

Three classes of hormones

Answer 2

Amine
Peptide
Steroid

Question 3

What are Amine hormone

Answer 3

Hormones derived from single amino acids

Question 4

Example of amine hormones

Answer 4

T4

T3

Question 5

What are examples of peptide hormone

Answer 5

GnRH 
FSH
LH
Insulin 
Growth hormone

Question 6

Example of steroid hormone s

Answer 6

Corticosteroid hormones like glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Sex hormones

Question 7

Precursor of steroid hormone

Answer 7

Cholesterol

Question 8

Steroid hormones bind to extracellular or intracellular receptor

Answer 8

Intracellular

Question 9

Do steroid hormones have early or delayed onset

Answer 9

Delayed onset

Question 10

Do steroid hormones usually have short or prolonged duration

Answer 10

Prolonged duration

Question 11

2 categories of sex hormones

Answer 11

Female sex hormones

Male sex hormones

Question 12

Female sex hormones examples

Answer 12

Estrogen

Progesterone

Question 13

Male sex hormones

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

Major site for estrogen and progesterone biosynthesis in non pregnant premenopausal women

Answer 14

Ovary

Question 15

Major site of production of progesterone and estrogen in pregnant women

Answer 15

Feto-placental unit

Question 16

Major site of production of testosterone in male

Answer 16

Testes

Question 17

Important estrogens in women

Answer 17

Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol

Question 18

Most potent estrogen found naturally in women

Answer 18

Estradiol

Question 19

Which is more biologically active , estradiol or estrone

Answer 19

Estradiol

Estrone 1/10th activity of estrogen

Question 20

Least potent estrogen

Answer 20

Estriol

Question 21

Most important naturally occurring progestogen

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

Estrogen receptors

Answer 22

ER-alpha

ER-beta

Question 23

Progesterone receptors

Answer 23

PR-alpha

PR-beta

Question 24

Tissues in which there is high ER alpha expression

Answer 24

Endometrium
Ovarian storms
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

Question 25

Tissues in which there is high ER beta expression

Answer 25

Non sex organs (kidney, bone, prostate )

Question 26

Organs that highly express PR alpha and beta

Answer 26

Female reproductive tract Mammary gland CNS Pituitary

Question 27

Can you give natural female sex hormone orally ? WHY ?

Answer 27

No, because of extensive first pass metabolism

Question 28

2 phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 28

Follicular phase | Luteal phase

Question 29

Level of progesterone and estrogen in follicular phase beginning

Answer 29

Low

Question 30

Hormone responsible for building of endometrium

Answer 30

Estrogen

Question 31

Hormone responsible for maintenance of corpus luteum

Answer 31

HCG

Question 32

What is contraception

Answer 32

Prevent pregnancy bu interfering with ovulation ,fertilization or implantation

Question 33

Example of contraceptives

Answer 33

``` Condoms Diaphragms Intrauterine devices Male and female surgeries Hormonal methods ```

Question 34

Two types of oral birth control pills

Answer 34

Progestin only pills | Combination oral contraceptives

Question 35

Is there estrogen in protestin only pills

Answer 35

No

Question 36

Who should take progestin only pills

Answer 36

Women with history of breast cancer and breastfeeding mothers

Question 37

Why do breastfeeding mothers should only take progestin only pills

Answer 37

Because estrogen reduces milk production

Question 38

Action of progestin only pillls ini preventing pregnancy

Answer 38

Mucus thickening in cervix preventing sperm form entering the uterus and fertilization Retardation of ovulation Thinning of uterus lining preventing implantation

Question 39

Action of combination oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy

Answer 39

Prevent ovulation by Inhibiting FSH and LH Fools body that it already pregnancy by making stable amount of hormones throughout cycle Lack of peaking progesterone makes the endometrium unprepared for pregnancy Cervical mucus thick preventing endometrium implantation