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Reproductive > Sex Hormone > Flashcards

Sex Hormone Flashcards

1
Q

What are hormones

A

Signaling molecules produced by endocrine glands or specific cells and transported by bloodstream to distant target organs

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2
Q

Three classes of hormones

A

Amine
Peptide
Steroid

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3
Q

What are Amine hormone

A

Hormones derived from single amino acids

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4
Q

Example of amine hormones

A

T4

T3

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5
Q

What are examples of peptide hormone

A 
GnRH 
FSH
LH
Insulin 
Growth hormone
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6
Q

Example of steroid hormone s

A

Corticosteroid hormones like glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Sex hormones

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7
Q

Precursor of steroid hormone

A

Cholesterol

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8
Q

Steroid hormones bind to extracellular or intracellular receptor

A

Intracellular

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9
Q

Do steroid hormones have early or delayed onset

A

Delayed onset

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10
Q

Do steroid hormones usually have short or prolonged duration

A

Prolonged duration

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11
Q

2 categories of sex hormones

A

Female sex hormones

Male sex hormones

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12
Q

Female sex hormones examples

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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13
Q

Male sex hormones

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

Major site for estrogen and progesterone biosynthesis in non pregnant premenopausal women

A

Ovary

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15
Q

Major site of production of progesterone and estrogen in pregnant women

A

Feto-placental unit

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16
Q

Major site of production of testosterone in male

A

Testes

17
Q

Important estrogens in women

A

Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol

18
Q

Most potent estrogen found naturally in women

A

Estradiol

19
Q

Which is more biologically active , estradiol or estrone

A

Estradiol

Estrone 1/10th activity of estrogen

20
Q

Least potent estrogen

A

Estriol

21
Q

Most important naturally occurring progestogen

A

Progesterone

22
Q

Estrogen receptors

A

ER-alpha

ER-beta

23
Q

Progesterone receptors

A

PR-alpha

PR-beta

24
Q

Tissues in which there is high ER alpha expression

A

Endometrium
Ovarian storms
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

25
Q

Tissues in which there is high ER beta expression

A

Non sex organs (kidney, bone, prostate )

26
Q

Organs that highly express PR alpha and beta

A

Female reproductive tract
Mammary gland
CNS
Pituitary

27
Q

Can you give natural female sex hormone orally ? WHY ?

A

No, because of extensive first pass metabolism

28
Q

2 phases of menstrual cycle

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

29
Q

Level of progesterone and estrogen in follicular phase beginning

A

Low

30
Q

Hormone responsible for building of endometrium

A

Estrogen

31
Q

Hormone responsible for maintenance of corpus luteum

A

HCG

32
Q

What is contraception

A

Prevent pregnancy bu interfering with ovulation ,fertilization or implantation

33
Q

Example of contraceptives

A 
Condoms
Diaphragms
Intrauterine devices
Male and female surgeries 
Hormonal methods
34
Q

Two types of oral birth control pills

A

Progestin only pills

Combination oral contraceptives

35
Q

Is there estrogen in protestin only pills

A

No

36
Q

Who should take progestin only pills

A

Women with history of breast cancer and breastfeeding mothers

37
Q

Why do breastfeeding mothers should only take progestin only pills

A

Because estrogen reduces milk production

38
Q

Action of progestin only pillls ini preventing pregnancy

A

Mucus thickening in cervix preventing sperm form entering the uterus and fertilization

Retardation of ovulation

Thinning of uterus lining preventing implantation

39
Q

Action of combination oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy

A

Prevent ovulation by Inhibiting FSH and LH

Fools body that it already pregnancy by making stable amount of hormones throughout cycle

Lack of peaking progesterone makes the endometrium unprepared for pregnancy

Cervical mucus thick preventing endometrium implantation

Reproductive (14 decks)

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