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Reproductive > Penis Dx > Flashcards

Penis Dx Flashcards

1
Q

Are congenital anomalies of penis common

A

No

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2
Q

What is hypospadias

A

Urethra opens abnormally on the ventral surface of the penis

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3
Q

What is epispadias

A

Abnormal urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis

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4
Q

Why is there a almost all the time Urinary incontinence and recurrent infection and eventually infertility in epispadias

A

Because of defect in the urethral valve association

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5
Q

Can we correct surgically hypospadias and epispadias

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is phimosis

A

Foreskin or prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans because of abnormal small orifice

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7
Q

If acquired what is the cause of phimosis

A

Inflammatory scarring of the prepuce

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8
Q

What is the most common female Malformation

A

Phimosis

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9
Q

What is paraphimosis

A

Phimotic prepuce forcibly retracted over the glans and cannot be restored

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10
Q

Why is paraphimosis an emergency

A

Because there’s compromised blood flow with potential for grangrenous necrosis of the glans

Urethral constriction with acute retention of urine

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11
Q

What’s infectious disease can you see on the penis

A

Viral bacterial fungal protozoan

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12
Q

What are the type of transmission in infectious disease of the penis

A

Venereal

non-venereal

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13
Q

What is balanoposthitis

A

Nonspecific penile infection with inflammation of both the glands and the prepuce generally with phimosis or large redundant prepuce interfering with cleanliness

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14
Q

balanoposthitis organisms

A

staphylococcus

Streptococcus
candida albicans

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15
Q

Consequence of balanoposthitis

A

Frankie ulceration of the glans

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16
Q

What causes condyloma acuminatum

A

HPV type six or 11

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17
Q

Meaning of spread of condyloma acuminatum

A

Venereal or by last direct means

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18
Q

Main sites for condyloma acuminatum on penis

A

Inner surface of the prepuce

about the coronal sulcus

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19
Q

Gross morphology of condyloma acuminatum

A

Single or multiple
Sessile or pedunculated
Reds papillary excrescences Varying sizes

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20
Q

Micro findings in condyloma acuminatum

A

Fingerlike papillary connective tissue stroma
covered by thicken hyperplastic epithelium
excessive surface keratinization
koilocytes in superficial zone

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21
Q

in which disease do you see condyloma lata

A

Syphilis

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22
Q

Time between first chancre in syphylis and condyloma lata appearance

A

2 to 8 weeks

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23
Q

Gross morphology of syphilitic wart or condyloma lata

A 
Gray whites to erythematous 
painless
 Broad 
Moist plaques
 smooth papules on the skin of the shaft and prepuce
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24
Q

Second name of Peyronie’s disease

A

Penile fibromatosis

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25
Q

Cause of Peyronie’s disease

A

Unknow

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26
Q

Presentation of Peyronie’s disease

A

Focal fibrous induration of shaft of penis with abnormal curvature and painful erection

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27
Q

This disease is seen in 25% cases of Peyronie’s disease

A

Dupuytren’s contractor also known as Palmar fibromatosis

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28
Q

Micro of Peyronie’s disease

A

Dense fiber collagenous tissue in tunica albuginea or between Tunica and penile fascia

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29
Q

Does the lesion records after surgical removal in Peyronie’s disease

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is Priaprism

A

Unwanted ,inappropriate ,unrelated to sexual activity ,persistent ,painful erection

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31
Q

In which disease do you see priapism

A 
Sickle cell disease 
chronic granulocytic leukemia 
spinal cord injury 
injection of vasodilator agents into the penis
 drugs like trazodone 
thrombosis of penile veins
32
Q

Can priaprism lead to impotence

A

Yes

33
Q

Exclusive type of carcinoma seen in penis

A

Squamous cell type

34
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma in situ of penis

A

Precancerous lesion with epithelium having features of malignancy but still confined to the epithelium without penetration of the basement membrane

35
Q

What is another name for carcinoma in situ of the penis

A

Bowens disease or Erythroplasia

36
Q

When do you say that there’s Bowens disease of penis

A

Lesions are on the shaft

37
Q

When do you say that there’s Erythroplasia

A

Lesions are on the glans and prepuce

38
Q

What is bowenoid papulosis

A

Seen in younger patients on the shaft of the penis with smaller often multiple in micro lesions same as in Bowens disease

39
Q

Which strains of HPV do you mostly see in bowenoid papulosis

A

16

40
Q

Three variants of intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis

A

Bowenoid papulosis
Bowens disease
Erythroplasia

41
Q

What is the second name of verrucous carcinoma

A

Giants condyloma of buschke lowenstein

42
Q

What is verrrucous carcinoma

A

Extensive exophytic warty or cauliflower like tumor of the penis involving destruction of the glans and the prepuce

43
Q

Histologic features a verrucous carcinoma

A

Like condyloma accunimatum but downward proliferation of epithelium as broad compressive fronts in underlying tissue, focal cytologic atypia of the epithelium

44
Q

Is verrucous carcinoma considered a low-grade squamous cell carcinoma or a high grade one

A

Low grade squamous cell carcinoma with true invasion through basement membrane

45
Q

Can you surgically remove tumor in verrucous carcinoma and cure the disease

A

Yes

46
Q

Incidence of

squamous cell carcinoma

A

Low in countries with high circumcision rates
common in country where it’s not a norm
40-70 years old

47
Q

Early lesions presentation of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Ulcer nodule or warty growth on the glans or inner surface of the prepuce

48
Q

Late lesion presentation of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

A

tumors is the large ulcerated and fungated

49
Q

Michael morphology of squamous cell carcinoma of penis

A

Well differentiated
focal keratinization
really poorly differentiated

50
Q

Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma when limited to the penis

A

90 to 95%

51
Q

Chronic prostatitis must be associated with what other disease

A

Nodular hyperplasia or prostatic hyperplasia

52
Q

Age at risk of prostatic hyperplasia

A

Old age for people after 50 years

53
Q

Over 70 years old percentage of male with prostatic hyperplasia at autopsy

A

95%

54
Q

Is prostatic hyperplasia more common in the blacks or in the whites

A

The

55
Q

Cause of prosthetic hyperplasia

A

Unknown

56
Q

Why are old age most at risk of p prostatic hyperplasia

A

Imbalance of estrogen testosterone dihydrotestosterone due to old age
High estradiol levels in old age

57
Q

Drug given to reduce size of the clones in case of nodular hyperplasia

A

5 a reductase inhibitor

58
Q

Prostatic hyperplasia symptoms

A 
Frequency of urinE
Difficulty initiating urination and stopping 
overflow incontinence 
dysuria 
acute retention
59
Q

Macro morphology of prostatic hyperplasia

A

Well defined nodules surrounded by fibrous pseudocapsule
main peripheral tissue compressed -> form thin rim
focal areas of infarction in large nodules
proliferation of epithelial cell of the glands and ductules
smooth muscle cells and stromal fibroblasts form nodules

60
Q

morphology of glandular hyperplasia

A

Small to large cystically dilated glands
papillary projections and infoldings
Inner layer of the columnar and outer cuboidal or flatten cell

61
Q

Is nodular hyperplasia benign or malignant

A

Completely benign

62
Q

Is there a relationship between nodular hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

No

63
Q

Can you have distention and hypertrophy of the urinary bladder and urinary stasis and urinary tract infection due to chronic retention of urine in nodular hyperplasia

A

Yes

64
Q

Common tumor of the prostate

A

Carcinoma because benign tumors are uncommon

65
Q

Most frequently diagnosed carcinoma in males

A

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

66
Q

Age of incidence of adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

Old age mostly after 60 years old

67
Q

In which race is adenocarcinoma of the prostate more common

A

In the blacks

68
Q

Risk factors of prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

Dietary fats increasing testosterone level

69
Q

Symptoms of prosthetic adenocarcinoma

A

Asymptomatic in both early and advance

Dysuria ,difficulty of micturition ,increasing urinary infection frequency ,generally in metastatic tumor

70
Q

Morphology of prostate in adenocarcinoma

A 
Firm 
Hard
 nodular irregular 
ill defined 
Gray to grayish-yellow nodules
71
Q

Do you see prostatic intraepithelial new pleasure in most cases of prosthetic carcinoma

A

Yes

72
Q

Precursor lesion for invasive carcinoma of prostate

A

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

73
Q

Micro morphology of adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

Well defined
glands small
Lined by single layer of cuboidal cells
papillary or cribiform patterns

74
Q

Biochemical markers of prostate disease

A

Prostatic acid phosphatase ( only extraglandular disease. )

Prostatic specific antigen

75
Q

Treatment of cancer of the prostate

A

Surgical resection of lesions
radiation therapy
androgen deprivation

Reproductive (14 decks)

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