Sex & Fertilization Flashcards
sexuality
- sex: biological determination
- gender: how you see yourself
- sexuality: your attraction
(sliding scale)
Erogenous zones
body parts –> lead to arousal, all over the body, nerve endings, lips, necks, breast, inner thigh, etc
Sexual response (phases
- excitement
- plateau
- orgasm
- resolution
excitement (male)
penis becomes erect, urethral diameter increases, scrotum skin thickens, testis lift, muscle tension increases
heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, respiration rate increases
excitement (female)
clit swells + lengthens, vagina becomes lubricated + darkens, inner most 3rd expands, labia swell + separate, areola + breast swell
plateau phase (male)
penis is fully erect, testis fully elevated close to body, bulbourethral gland secretes pre-ejac. fluid, sex flush: chest + neck become red
Plateau phase (female)
clit retracts under the prepuce, vagina: inner 2/3 expands, outer 1/3 swells, uterus becomes elevated, breast swell, sex flush
Orgasm phase (male)
HR, BP, Rr max, loss of voluntary muscle control, penis + urethral contractions, expel sement, neural arch ‘reflex arch’, testis - close to body, sex flush deepens
Orgasm phase (female )
HR, BP, Rr max, loss of voluntary muscle control, clit +breast, no change, uterus wavelike contractions, sex flush deepens
Orgasm ohase cont. (female)
Grafenberg spot (g-spot) - highly variable in area & sensitivity, clitoral stimulation is primary method to achieve orgasm
female ejaculation
skene’s gland within urethra, ‘female prostate’, vestibular gland
Hypothalamic desire
physiology - t4 increases libido, aphrodisiacs heighten sexual desire, physical stimulation
Limbic desire
psychology - emotions, attractive partner, fantasy, erotic stimulation, love + courtship
hypothalamic avoidance
hormone disorder
drugs
depression
Limbic avoidance
unattractive partner, negative thoughts, lack of interest, negative experiences, stress + anger
Fertilization (steps 1 - 5)
- Sperm binds to zona pellucida
- acrosome reaction - enzymes released
- enzymes digest a path through
- sperm contacts egg (cortical reaction to block other sperm)
- cell membranes fuse together
fertilized egg
zygote (day zero of px)
morula
a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is formed
Day 7 - 9 px
embryo enters uterus, hatches from z.p.,
blastula
The trophoblast is the outer layer of cells which will then form placenta
inner cell mass (ICM)
makes you embryo proper
pluripotent
many
omnipotent
all, cell has potential to become any cell
ectopic pregnancy
not in uterus, 1% of px, true ectopic - ovarian & abdominal px
not ectopic px
cervical px, placenta previa (leading cause of maternal death during childbirth)
types of ectopic px
interstitial (2%)
isthmic (6%)
ampullary (75%)
fimbral (7%)
ovarian (2%)
abdominal (rare)
amnion
innermost membrane that encloses the embryo (amniotic fluid)
fetal tissue
chorion HCG
umbilical cord
provides nutrients to the embryo (connected to placenta)
placenta
provides nutrients to developing baby via umbilical cord
villi
facilitate the passage of fluids within the placenta
prior to day 14
trophoblast (ICM)
d14
yolk sac (bilaminar disc)
d18
trilaminar disc
d12
trilaminar disc
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
ectoderm
outer layer
skin hair
central nervous system
neurons
mesoderm
muscle
heart
bones
kidneys
gonads
endoderm
stomach
intestines
lungs
liver
primitive streak
establishes axes
left - right
up - down
heads - tails
front - back
dizygotic twins - fraternal
2 eggs + 2 sperm
monozygotic twins - identical
1 egg + 1 sperm (same DNA)
happens by day 12
stage 1 labor
dilation of cervix (10cm)
water breaks (amniotic fluid)
stage 2 labor
crowning
delivery
stage 3 labor
‘afterbirth’
placenta
extra membranes (embryonic)
