Genetics & Heredity

Question 1

color blindness

Answer 1

sex-linked or x-linked trait
recessive trait

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

alternative form of a gene (ie, different eye colors)

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

genetic makeup

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Physical makeup

Question 5

Dominant Allele

Answer 5

Uppercase letter

Question 6

Recessive Allele

Answer 6

Lowercase Letter (of the same capital letter)

Question 7

Both Alleles present?

Answer 7

the one that is ‘seen’ is the dominant one

Question 8

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 8

certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring

Question 9

Two Dominant Genes

Answer 9

EE, homozygous

Question 10

Two Recessive Genes

Answer 10

ee, Homozygous recessive

Question 11

one of each gene

Answer 11

Heterozygous

Question 12

one gene tracking

Answer 12

monohybrid

Question 13

two gene tracking

Answer 13

dihybrid

Question 14

P generation

Answer 14

grandparents/ the starters, parental generation

Question 15

F1 Generation

Answer 15

Children
filial generation

Question 16

F2 Generation

Answer 16

Grand-children
Filial two generation

Question 17

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 17

numerical comparison of how many offspring will have one phenotype versus another

Question 18

Autosomal Recessive Disorders

Answer 18

1-22 autosomes
NN = normal
Nn = carrier
nn = disorder

Question 19

cystic fibrosis

Answer 19

autosomal recessive disorder
excess mucus in lungs + intestines
most common lethal genetic disease
highest among caucasians

Question 20

sickle cell syndrome

Answer 20

autosomal recessive disorder
hemoglobin gets fucked in low oxygen environment
african descent
1:500 worldwide

Question 21

Autosomal Dominant Disorders

Answer 21

1 copy of mutated gene
more easily removed from the gene pool

Question 22

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 22

autosomal dominant disorder
neurological disorder (develops into dementia)
onset 40s

Question 23

Tay Sachs Disease

Answer 23

autosomal recessive disorder
neurological disorder
die by age 4
ashkenazi jew

Question 24

Achondroplasia

Answer 24

Dwarfism
autosomal dominant disorder

Question 25

non-mendelian genetics

Answer 25

multiple alleles

Question 26

co-dominance

Answer 26

both parents are presented (blood type)

Question 27

incomplete dominance

Answer 27

neither parent present

Question 28

pleiotropy

Answer 28

sinlge gene –> many phenotypes, multiple traits (sickle-cell disease)

Question 29

polygenic inheritance

Answer 29

multiple genes –> single trait

Question 30

epistasis

Answer 30

the expression of one gene is masked, inhibited or suppressed by the expression of one or more other genes