Final Exam Flashcards
questions from exams 1, 2 & 3
Nondisjunction of the chromosomes
‘all of the above’
- abnormal chromosome number
- turner’s syndrome (XO female)
- XYY males
ribosome
assemble proteins
the sperm
the sex of the child is dependent upon the chromosome information
if a parental cell has 28 chromosomes prior to meiosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
only 14 after meiosis is finished
how many autosomes do humans have?
22 autosomes
the haploid number of chromosomes
‘none of the above…’
the organelle responsible for cellular respiration is the what?
mitochondria
If there is a substitution mutation in your DNA that results in no change to the amino acid sequence in your DNA, then it is —- mutation
silent
The process of converting the information contained in mRNA into a protein is called
translation
if a couple had two children, what are the chances that both would be females?
25%
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides into two is called the …
the mitotic phase
one parent has wavy hair (incompletely dominant trait) and the other straight hair. What are the chances their child will have wavy hair?
75%
The purpose of meiosis is to produce …
‘all of the above’
- haploid cells
- sex cells
- gametes
The correct order of cell division
IPMAT
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
One difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is …
the number of cells produced
The process of converting the information contained in the DNA (a gene) into an RNA (mRNA) sequence is called…
transcription
If an individual is born with a 2n+1 condition, then whose fault is it?
could be either parent
The physical traits in an organism are called the …
phenotypes
during the first round of meiosis the … separate
homologous chromosomes
crossing over occurs between
non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair
whiteboard practice
distinguish between mitosis, meiosis or interphase (haploid or diploid)
Seven attributes of life
cell
encode for attributes-DNA
adapt overtime
respond to environment
regulate internally
process energy
reproduce
grow /develop
the controlling factor that governs the 7 attributes of life
DNA
The smallest unit of life that has all these attributes
cell
5 kingdoms
protists, plants, monera, fungi, animals
whiteboard practice
cellular names
transcription happens inside…
the nucleus
if your parents or the p generation, then your children will be the…
F2 generation
in humans, a haploid cell that is n+1 chromosomes has a total of
24 chromosomes
which phase of mitosis is the opposite of telophase?
prophase
an XXY male is said to have
Klinfelter’s syndrome
during oogenesis, the extra chromosomes leave the egg as a
polar body
the three-letter code of RNA nucleotides that determine the amino acid sequence is called a
codon
color-blind is an example of
sex-linked trait
the job of this organelle is to assemble the amino acids into proteins
ribosomes
The mother had blond hair and her child has brown hair. Assuming that brown hair is dominant over the blond and the suspected father has blond hair. Can he be eliminated as the possible father?
yes
if a gene of DNA is a ATTCGGAGCT, the RNA strand is…
UAAGCCUCGA
after ovulation, the remaining cells in the follicle will become the…
corpus luteum
humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?
23 pairs of chromosomes
the ovaria structure that secretes progesterone is
the corpus luteum
a primary follicle will produce how many eggs?
one
which structure of the female reproductive system is also found in men?
urethra
During oogenesis a woman will make
an egg and three polar bodies
the acrosome
contains enzymes needed for fertilization
the major site of sperm maturation is in the
epididymis
testosterone is …
‘all of the above’
-also made in women
- primary sex hormone
the longest tube in the testis is …
seminiferous tubule
One parent has wavy hair (an incompletely dominant trait) and the other straight hair. What are the chances their child will have wavy hair?
50%
the tubes where spermatogenesis occurs are called the
seminiferous tubules
the secretions from this gland in the male reproductive system are considered pre-ejaculatory
bulbourethral gland
which posterior pituitary hormone is involved with the reproductive system?
oxytocin
Nondisjunction of the chromosomes
can result in downs syndrome
the nurse cell found within the testis is known as the
Sertoli cell
what ovarian hormone is mainly active during the follicular phase?
estrogen
the structure that links the ovary to the uterus is the
fallopian tube
the genetic traits of an organism are called the
genotypes
path of sperm prior to release
- seminiferous tubule
- rete testis
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- urethra
whiteboard practice
male system
female system
path of egg that is released from the ovary - what are the sub-structures of the fallopian tube that the egg/embryo would pass?
- fimbriae
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
The testicular cells that make testosterone
leydig cells
if your grandparents are the p generation, then you will be the
f2 generation
what is composed of seminal plasma and sperm
ejaculatory fluid/semen
LH and FSH stimulate (general term that is gender neutral)
gonads
provides nourishment for sperm, helps regulate PH (acidity) and provides a liquid medium for sperm motility
seminal plasma
whiteboard practice
endocrine system structures
this organ is located below the brain and controls many endocrine organs
c
pituitary gland
this hormone controls the female system
f
estrogen
this structure is the control center within the brain and is the location where the neural and endocrine systems communicate
a
hypothalamus
this organ is the main female hormone producing organ
e
ovary
this hormone acts upon the developing eggs to recruit them to grow
d
FSH
the ideal birth control pill
does not exist
barrier systems include
‘all of the above’
cervical cap
diaphragm
female condom
male condom
what is the correct order of the phases of sexual response in women
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
some women experience
‘all of the above’
plateau responses only
multiple orgasms
ejaculation
the … phase is the sexual release after the buildup of sensual enjoyment
orgasm
an erogenous zone includes
any location that makes you feel stimulated
during resolution, the man
returns to an unexcited state
birth control systems
have nothing to do with STDs
effectiveness of a birth control system is
number of women out of 100 who do not become pregnant
what happens during the second stage of labor?
crowning
the birth control pill
makes the women’s body act as if it is pregnant
if twins were made from two different eggs and sperm, then they would be
dizygotic
hormonal based contraceptive can do all of the following except
be used by men
the genital fold makes the labia in females which is analogous to the … in males
scrotum
the technique used by women that is analogous to a vasectomy in men is
tubal ligation
in human development, which part of the blastocyst will develop into a fetus
inner cell mass
for men, erection occurs during
excitation
starting at the inner layer, what are the three layers of the trilaminar disc of the embryo and name a structure that each layer can become
inner layer (yellow)
- endoderm (intestines)
middle layer (red)
- mesoderm (muscle)
outer layer (blue)
- ectoderm (CNS)
gene responsible for the development of the male system
SRY gene
At what time during fetal development is the fetus most susceptible to a teratogen?
wk3 - wk8
the blastula hatches from the structure known as the
zona pellucida
creating/ designing birth control
- pre or post fertilization
- sexual spontaneity
- reliability
- reversibility
- responsibility
- side effects
whiteboard practice
birth control methods, male & female
whiteboard practice
structures of internal genitals at 6wks
whiteboard practice
structures of sex
