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Biology of Human Sexuality > Intro to Biology > Flashcards

Intro to Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

the study of life

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2
Q

Reproduction

A

Pass on genetic information

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3
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

transfer a mix of genetic information

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

cell division

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5
Q

Main themes

A

cell theory, evolution, genetics, chemiosmosis

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6
Q

Attributes of Life

A

cell(s),DNA, adapt, respond, regulate, process energy, reproduce, grow

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7
Q

5 kingdoms

A

monera (prokaryote), protist, fungi, plants, animals

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8
Q

carbohydrate

A

short term storage, plant structure, dietary energy

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9
Q

lipids

A

long-term energy storage (fats) hormones (steroids)

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10
Q

proteins

A

enzymes, structure, contraction

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11
Q

nucleic acids

A

information storage (DNA, RNA)

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12
Q

dehydration reaction

A

building a protein (oxygen + hydrogen), forms new bonds, H20 comes out

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13
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaking down a bond, adds H20

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14
Q

metabolic view

A

cell is alive, there is no point as to when life begins

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15
Q

embryological view

A

day 12 post conception, 12 days is the latest that twinning can occur, each individual is alive

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16
Q

neurological view

A

27th week of gestation, loss of cerebral EEG defines life, acquisition of brain activity defines life

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17
Q

ecological/ technical view

A

depends on lung development, when the fetus can live outside the womb, 24-27th week of gestation

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18
Q

immunological view

A

recognize self from non-self, your immune system can tell you from invader (occurs around birth)

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19
Q

integrated/physiological view

A

all systems are independent, occurs at birth

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20
Q

mitochondrial DNA

A

from mom

21
Q

All cells

A

form fits function, DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes

22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

proteins, structure

23
Q

vesicles

A

membrane bound, used for transportation

24
Q

mitochondria

A

battery, double membrane, power house, has its own DNA

25
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

shipping and receiving

26
Q

cell membrane

A

protects from external environment, lipid-based

27
Q

ribosomes

A

made of RNA & protein, site of protein synthesis

28
Q

cystosol

A

‘cell juice’

29
Q

smooth ER

A

make lipids

30
Q

centrosome/centricole

A

cell division

31
Q

nucleolus

A

package RNA, ribosomes are made here

32
Q

nucleus

A

houses DNA

33
Q

double membrane

A

nuclear envelope

34
Q

chromatin

A

DNA + proteins

35
Q

rough ER

A

ribosomes assemble most proteins

36
Q

somatic cells

A

cells of the body

37
Q

sex cells

A

gametes - haploid ‘half’

38
Q

ovum

A

ova, egg, has all cell organs

39
Q

zona pellucida

A

shell of the egg

40
Q

spertmatosoa

A

sperm, built for speed, head = nucleus & mitochondria, flagellum - tail

41
Q

transcription

A

occurs in the nucleus copying DNA to RNA (written language) gene gives the instruction –> copy of the instructions
mRNA,

42
Q

translation

A

occurs in the cytoplasm, taking these instructions and converting them into a protein (going from one language to another)

43
Q

DNA base pairs

A

Adenine + Thymine
Cytosine + Guanine

44
Q

RNA base pairs

A

Adenine + Uracil (no T’s)
Cytosine + Guanine

45
Q

64 combinations

A

specific amino acids, 20 essential amino acids

46
Q

substitution (mutation)

A

one DNA base for another
Effects
- silent: no change
- missense: swap one for another
- nonsense: change an amino acid codon to a stop codon

47
Q

insertion or deletion of DNA nucleotides (mutation)

A

alter the triplet grouping of codons and greatly change the amino acid sequence

48
Q

Evolution

A
  • genetic changes –> genetic drift, individual to population
  • gradual changes
    100 - 1000s of generations
  • splits = speciation
  • trace lineage back to find common ancestor
  • survival of fittest

Biology of Human Sexuality (9 decks)

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