Sex Differentitation Flashcards
Males/ females are generally (9 each)
Female: recall after reading, precision motor tasks, mathematical calculation, college/ grades, indirect aggression, intense anger, suicidal, spelling, smiling.
Male: spatial (3D tasks), target skills, math reasoning, imprisonment, violence, throwing things, successful suicides, drug addiction, lending disabled,
Neurological disorders linked with female/ male (10 total)
Female: anorexia, depression, Alzheimer’s multiple sclerosis.
Male: schizophrenia, mental retardation, autism, stuttering, dyslexia, sleep apnea
Differences are ____1___, but can depend on ____2____.
- Relative, 2. context
Difference in men/ women math scores is reduced when ___3 things___
Females are told they do as well or better,
Females regarded as equal to males (Sweden and Norway)
Allowed to take test with made up name.
Sry gene (is on the ____, produces ____ protein)
On the Y chromosome, produces testis determinations factor (TDF) protein.
The testis determining factor….
Converts intermediate gonad into testis.
Testis produces…
Produces androgens and testosterone, mullerian inhibiting factor.
Mullerian inhibiting factor …
Causes internal female duct system to regress.
The default system is_____
Female. Will develop in absence of testosterone.
Genetic males or females IN PRESENCE of testosterone in conception or early life will…
Look and act like males.
Males have early spike in…females have early spike in…
Males: testosterone ; females: nothing,
Testosterone –?–> dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
5-alpha-reductase
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Metabolite that masculinizes secondary sex characteristics
Guevedoces
Genetic male with 5-alpha-reductase insufficiency (thus low DHT levels until puberty. Testosterone spike in puberty makes them go from looking like as girl to a man.
Testosterone–?–> estrogen
Aromatase
Estrogen in the brain…
Masculinizes the neurons
Alpha-fetoprotein
Binds estrogen in the bloodstream.ignores testosterone.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Enormous secretion of testosterone in XX females
Androgens insensititivity syndrome
XY fetus has testosterone but no receptors; look and act like girls
Superchiasmaic nucleus is ____ in homosexual men
Larger in homosexual men
Higher early levels of testosterone can be seen in adults as
Longer ring vs pointer finger in adults.
Transgender explanation
Hormones affect brain and generalization at different times during development and through different mechanisms. Can be normal in one pathway and abnormal in another.
Effect of temperature in sex determination.
Once threshold temperature is reached, the entire clutch turns male or female, depending on species. Occurs in some reptiles, fish.
Sequential hermaphrodites
Coral reef fish start as once gender but can swap when dominant male or female in hierarchy is removed.
