Depression

Question 0

Mental symptoms of depression:

Answer 0

Impaired attention
Less pleasure
Inc self critical thoughts
Disturbed sleep
Dec in appetitive
Guilty, helpless, hopeless, isolated, suicidal feelings

Question 1

Depression affects about ___ % of the population. There is a __genetic component. The mean age has ___

Answer 1

13-20% of the population
genetic component
dropped.

Question 2

Monoamine depletion hypothesis.

Answer 2

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin decrease induces depression

Question 3

Reserpine

Answer 3

Hypertension drug. Decreases monoamines

Question 4

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 4

Increase norepinephrine, serotonin. Side effects.

Question 5

Tricyclics antidepressants (aka__)…

Answer 5

Imipramine, blocks reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine.

Question 6

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as…, ___ synaptic ______

Answer 6

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Lexapro
Increase synaptic serotonin
Also less side effects

Question 7

SSRIs have about as much effect as a ____

Answer 7

Placebo

Question 8

Side effects of SSRIs:

Answer 8

May cause mania
Inc suicide in teens or when suddenly withdrawn
Inc osteoporosis (less Ca in bones)

Question 9

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 9

People with high levels of cortisol. Prone to depression.

Question 10

Corticotrophic Releasing Factor (CRF)

Answer 10

Secreted by brain in new situations.

Binds to nucleus accumbens to allow dopamine increase.

Question 11

Why do Antidepressants take 3-6 weeks to show an effect?

Answer 11

Inc neurogenesis in hippocampus. It takes 3-6 weeks for neurons to repopulate the hippocampus.

Question 12

Neurons die during depression because…

Answer 12

Cortisol from stress reduces BDNF, which keeps neurons alive.

Question 13

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 13

Rapid treatment. Stimulus of brain. Inc BDNF. Some memory loss due to disrupting consolidation.

Question 14

Deep Brain Stimulation

Answer 14

Fix the circuit-board failure. Turn down Area 25 (re-regulation)

Question 15

Area 25

Answer 15

Normalizes input to amygdala. Increases emotional reactions. Overload = chaos, leads to depression

Question 16

Bipolar depression

Answer 16

Patients cycle between depression and mania. (Usually months/ years per cycle, could be hour cycles though)

Question 34

Maniac symptoms

Answer 34

Staying up, feeling like you don't need sleep
Frivolous shopping
Easily agitated
Inc activity, energy
Inflated self esteem
Talkative

Question 35

Bipolar disorder

Answer 35

BDNF dec

Neuronal death

Question 36

Depakote

Answer 36

Used to tread bipolar disorder, increases BCl-2 and neurogenesis

Question 37

Lithium

Answer 37

Effective treatment of bipolar disorder. Increases neurogenesis and won’t make patients manic,

Question 38

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer 38

Light dependent. Can be treated with lightswiht natural light spectrum.
Need much more light stimulation to suppress melatonin.