Sex Differences Flashcards
1
Q
Sex definition WHO
A
-biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles considered appropriate
2
Q
Nobel prize winners
A
- There have only been 53 women out of 919 awards given which makes up just 5.7%.
- Are women less intelligent than men or are men just favored over women.
3
Q
Sex differences
A
- The Stanford-binet test: females have a slightly higher IQ
- Spearman, Cattell and Raven: Suggested there would be no sex differences.
- Lynn and Irwing: no difference between children, 15-18 = two points higher, adults = 3-5 points higher (tiny effect sizes).
- Women are better at verbal tests.
- Spatial: Men use Cardinal directions and Distance whereas females give relative directions and landmarks while giving directions
4
Q
Stoet and Geary
A
- Looked at students (15yo) performance on maths, science and reading to work out what causes sex differences.
- Found in 70% of countries girls outperform boys in maths, science and reading whereas boys only outperform girls in 4% of countries
- However top performing boys outperform top performing girls.
- Overall girls have better reading skills and boys have better maths skills.
5
Q
Biological factors
A
- Brain sizes suggests men have 10% larger brains, males and females also mature at the same rate up to age 7 then girls mature faster 8-16 and boys develop a larger brain after 16. Bigger brains suggest greater intelligence.
- Males have more testosterone which is positively related to make-biased route-learning strategies and faster, more accurate spatial rotation tasks.
- Evolutionary factors suggest that men developed greater spatial skills for hunting and gathering as well as mating.
6
Q
Environmental factors
A
-We create sachems throughout our lives which are impacted by gender stereotyping e.g. boys spend more time enhancing spatial skills playing with building blocks, puzzles and video games. However, boys as young as 9 months are drawn to moving toys than dolls suggesting it is innate (Also seen in monkeys).
