Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

-Subjective definitions based on the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills quickly

Question 2

Esoteric

Answer 2

-Small group of Individuals with a specialized knowledge or interest in a subject

Question 3

Galton intelligence

Answer 3

• Believed Darwin’s theory of natural selection can be applied to intelligence e.g. higher intelligence is due to superior inherited traits
• This causes intelligence to vary along a continuum

Question 4

Galton measurement

Answer 4

-Falsely believed intelligent people would have greater strength and eyesight so measured reaction times, eyesight and strengths

Question 5

Binet-Simon

Answer 5

-First intelligence test, used to identity children at risk in the school system
-Assumed Intelligence increases with age due to education
-Standardised norm of 50 children deemed to have average intelligence by teachers
-Questions assess abstract reasoning skills e.g. coping shapes, repeating seven digits and rhyming difficult words
-Findings showed abstract ability develops with age
-Cultural bias and only went to local schools, also had confounds
-Used to determine the mental age of the child which was compared to the chronological age of the child to predict subsequent achievement
o Difficulty level depends on the average age at which a problem can be solved

Question 6

Stanford-Binet test

Answer 6

• Added 40 items as the test did not work for his students with learning difficulties
• Tested 1000 (4-14) children in California with no time limit (large normative sample)
• Verbally and non-verbally measured fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and working memory

Question 7

Sterns intelligence quotient

Answer 7

• IQ = mental age/chronological age x 100
• Falls along a continuum, average = 100.
• 40-79 is impaired, 80-119 is average and 120-160 is above average

Question 8

Spearmans study

Answer 8

-Studied cognitive ability (discrimination of memory, weight and sound) and used factor analysis which lead to the development of a two-factor theory (general intelligence and specific intelligence).

Question 9

First intelligence test

Answer 9

-china 4,000 years ago focused on law, geography and agriculture

Question 10

Binets test WW1

Answer 10

-large scale test of 1,000,000+ people

Question 11

Weschler

Answer 11

• Developed an IQ test suitable for adults as SB-5 scores don’t increase after age 17 = not suitable for adults
• Introduced deviation IQ (actual test score/expected test score x 100)
• Expected test score is based on age, sex, social class

Question 12

WAIS and WISC

Answer 12

• WAIS scale measured performance (block design) and verbal (vocab and digit span) subsets on a points sale. To assess cognitive ability and cognitive decline in adults for educational planning by establishing a relationship between function and memory
• WISC scale developed for children

Question 13

Raven progressive matricies

Answer 13

• Developed a method to assess general ability free from cultural bias and linguistic acuity (6+).
• Removed general knowledge and vocab test items. Instead he tested abstract reasoning by asking participants to fill in the blank for matrix patterns.
• Good measure, cheap, easy, quick and efficient as it can be self-administered also allows hearing, language or physically impaired individuals a fair chance