Multifactor theorists

Question 1

Spearmans two-factor theory

Answer 1

• General ability (g) can explain intelligence without s

- Specific ability (s): verbal, quantitative, abstract, visual reasoning and STM

Question 2

Thurstone

Answer 2

• Can have similar IQ but different abilities:

- Memory, numbers, verbal, word fluency, reasoning, spatial and perceptual speed

Question 3

Cattell two-factor theory

Answer 3

• General intelligence is about 100 abilities split into Gf and Gc
• Fluid intelligence: (abstract thinking)
• Crystallized intelligence: (verbal and numerical)

Question 4

Cattell and Horn 9 factor theory

Answer 4

• Abandoned the idea of g
• added 5 more types of intelligence
• Gf, Gc
• SAR (STM), Glr (LTM)
• Ga (auditory), Gv (visual)
• Gt (reaction time), Gs (speed of processing)
• Gq (quantative knowledge)

Question 5

Cattel, Horn and Carroll

Answer 5

• Accepted Spearman’s theory. Carroll used factor analysis to produce a thee stratum theory including general, narrow and broad abilities
• General = g factor
• Broad = 16 factors
• Narrow = 80+ specific abilities: added Psychomotor speed (Gps) General knowledge (Gkn) Reading/Writing (Grw) Psychomotor abilities (Gp) Olfactory abilities (Go) Tactile abilities (Gh) Kinaesthetic abilities (Gk)

Question 6

Woodcock

Answer 6

-Tried to create a comprehensive model of the best elements of both theories. Most researched, empirically tested and comprehensive psychometric framework of abilities

Question 7

Guilford

Answer 7

• Rubix cube model
• Cognitive abilities are organised into operations, content and products
• Works for divergent (creative thinkers)
• Content: semantic figural, symbolic and behavioral
• Operations: cognition, memory, divergent (lists), convergent (relation) production and evaluation
• Products: units, classes, relations, systems, transformations and implications
• Criticisms: Too complex, cant be applied or replicated and lacks support

Question 8

VARK model

Answer 8

• Visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinaesthetic

- Lacks evidence but is popular

Question 9

Gardeners 7 factor theory

Answer 9

• Verbal (word fluency and reading ability)
• logical (Abstract reasoning and logic)
• spatial (visualizing and spatial judgement)
• musical (distinguish pitches, sing, play, write music)
• bodily kin-aesthetic (Heightened awareness, good motor skills)
• interpersonal (sensitive to others feelings)
• intrapersonal (intuitive and introspective)
• Existentialist (religious and spiritual)
• Naturalist (Enjoys nature)

Question 10

Sternbergs Triarchic 3 factor theory

Answer 10

-Success is achieved by balancing analytic, creative and practical abilities strengths and weaknesses

Question 11

Sternbergs Sub theories

Answer 11

• Componential: Analytic intelligence
• Contextual: Practical intelligence
• Experiential: Creative intelligence

Question 12

Componential sub theory

Answer 12

• Meta components: problem solving
• Performance components: do you need help and was it was useful
• Knowledge acquisition components: select information to use or disregard

Question 13

Contextual sub theory

Answer 13

• Adaptation - adapt to new environments
• Shaping - Change environment around you
• Selection - choose one environment over another

Question 14

Experiential sub theory

Answer 14

• Novelty: How well you deal with a novel situation

- Automation: Once a process is automated it can occur alongside other thoughts/processes

Question 15

Sternberg criticism

Answer 15

-Theoretical, no empirical evidence, subjective