Sex

Question 1

Steroid hormones

Answer 1

A group of hormones derived from cholesterol that act as chemical messengers in the body

Question 2

male hormone (androgen)

Answer 2

testosterone

Question 3

female hormone (estrogen)

Answer 3

estradiol and progestrone

Question 4

Distribution of estrogen receptors

Answer 4

Concentrations vary between males and females

Question 5

Direct effects of estrogen on neurons

Answer 5

Bind to various enzymes, channels and
neurotransmitter receptors to alter
membrane excitability, sensitivity to
neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter
release

Question 6

Indirect effects of estrogen on neurons

Answer 6

Bind to estrogen receptors in the
cytoplasm and nucleus to influence
gene transcription

Question 7

Activational Effects of Estrogen on Neurons

Answer 7

Increases number of dendritic spines on hippocampal neurons and promotes memory. Coincides with rat peak fertility and may play a role in changing reproductive needs.

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Influenced by psychological and sensory information

Question 9

GnRH

Answer 9

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
from the hypothalamus regulates
gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone, LH
and follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)
release from the anterior pituitary.

Question 10

Sex hormone release in males

Answer 10

LH stimulates androgen release
from the testes; FSH aids sperm
maturation

Question 11

Sex hormone release in females

Answer 11

LH, FSH cause estrogen
secretion from the ovaries

Question 12

Sex hormones

Answer 12

The sex hormones have diverse effects on
the body and also send feedback to the
pituitary and hypothalamus

Question 13

Ovulation

Answer 13

is the process in
which a mature egg is released
from the ovary.

Question 14

Pheromones:

Answer 14

hemicals
secreted to the outside by an
individual and received by
another individual of the same
species.

Question 15

Effects of Estrogen on Sexual Behavior in females

Answer 15

Rise in estrogen ➛ increased sexual
interest

Question 16

Effects of Estrogen on Sexual Behavior in males

Answer 16

Estrogen is important for
maintaining mating in males

Question 17

Effects of Testosterone on Sexual Behavior in males

Answer 17

Anticipation of sex ➛ rise in testosterone; reduced testosterone ➛ decreased
sexual interest

Question 18

Effects of Testosterone on Sexual Behavior in females

Answer 18

o Testosterone plays an important role in female sexual motivation

Question 19

Interstitial Nuclei of the Anterior Hypothalamus (INAH)

Answer 19

Four INAH nuclei in the hypothalamus
* The size of INAH-3 nucleus is about twice
as large in men as in women
* Sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN)

Question 20

Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST)

Answer 20

The extended amygdala: a center of integration for limbic
information and valence monitoring
* The number of BNST neurons in men is significantly more
compared with women regardless of male sexual orientation

Question 21

Oxytocin and vasopressin release

Answer 21

neuropeptides/hormones
generated in the hypothalamus and released from
the posterior pituitary.

Question 22

pair bonding hormones

Answer 22

Oxytocin (female) and vasopressin (male) increase
when forming pair-bond relationship in prairie voles.

Question 23

Oxytoxcin increases

Answer 23

During breastfeeding in
mothers
o During sexual intercourse
in men and women.