Memory

Question 1

Immediate Memory

Answer 1

1 second to seconds

Question 1

Short term memory

Answer 1

seconds to 30 seconds

Question 2

Long term memory

Answer 2

days to years to lifetime

Question 3

Difference between short term and long term memory

Answer 3

Capacity: limited vs. unlimited
Duration: seconds vs. lifetime

Question 4

Working memory

Answer 4

Temporary storage and manipulation of information to perform complex cognitive tasks or achieve a goal

Question 5

Feature of working memory

Answer 5

1. Temporary
2. Vulnerable to disruption
3. Limited Capacity

Question 6

Brain regions associated with working memory

Answer 6

PFC: executive function, self-awareness, capacity for planning and problem-solving

Question 7

Declarative memory brain regions

Answer 7

Diencephalon and medial temporal lobe

Question 8

Procedural memory

Answer 8

Involves learning a motor response in reaction to a sensory input

Question 9

Nonassociative learning

Answer 9

A type of procedural memory that does not require stimuli association

1) habituation
2) sensitization

Question 10

Associative learning

Answer 10

Behavior altered by the formation of associations

Question 11

Classical conditioning

Answer 11

A type of associative learning in which an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Instrumental conditioning (operant)

Answer 12

Associating a behavior with a meaningful stimulus (reward/punishment)

Question 13

Declarative memory

Answer 13

Facts, events or spaces. Can be easily forgot.

Question 14

Anatomy of episodic memory

Answer 14

Medial temporal lobe, specifically the hippocampus

Question 15

Spatial memory depends on

Answer 15

hippocampus

Question 16

Place cells

Answer 16

Activate when a particular spot on the mental map is reached

Question 17

Grid cells

Answer 17

Activate when an animal passes over points that resemble grids of repeating triangles

Question 18

Place cells are found in

Answer 18

the hippocampus

Question 19

Grid cells are found in

Answer 19

the entorhinal cortex

Question 20

Habituation

Answer 20

Occurs when an organism reduces its response to a stimulusS

Question 21

Sensitization

Answer 21

Occurs when an organism increasees its response to a stimulus

Question 22

Four molecular targets involved in sensitization

Answer 22

1. Seretonin from interneorun binds to GPCRs on sensory neuron
   2.GPCR activation increases second messenger cAMP levels
2. cAMP activates kinase PKA which facilitates neurotransmitter release
3. PKA activates transcription factor CREB to induce gene expression for long-term sensitization

Question 23

Long term habituation and sensitization

Answer 23

Number, size, and vesicle complement of active zones increases during sensitization and decreases during habituation