Memory Flashcards
Immediate Memory
1 second to seconds
Short term memory
seconds to 30 seconds
Long term memory
days to years to lifetime
Difference between short term and long term memory
Capacity: limited vs. unlimited
Duration: seconds vs. lifetime
Working memory
Temporary storage and manipulation of information to perform complex cognitive tasks or achieve a goal
Feature of working memory
- Temporary
- Vulnerable to disruption
- Limited Capacity
Brain regions associated with working memory
PFC: executive function, self-awareness, capacity for planning and problem-solving
Declarative memory brain regions
Diencephalon and medial temporal lobe
Procedural memory
Involves learning a motor response in reaction to a sensory input
Nonassociative learning
A type of procedural memory that does not require stimuli association
1) habituation
2) sensitization
Associative learning
Behavior altered by the formation of associations
Classical conditioning
A type of associative learning in which an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus
Instrumental conditioning (operant)
Associating a behavior with a meaningful stimulus (reward/punishment)
Declarative memory
Facts, events or spaces. Can be easily forgot.
Anatomy of episodic memory
Medial temporal lobe, specifically the hippocampus
Spatial memory depends on
hippocampus
Place cells
Activate when a particular spot on the mental map is reached
Grid cells
Activate when an animal passes over points that resemble grids of repeating triangles
Place cells are found in
the hippocampus
Grid cells are found in
the entorhinal cortex
Habituation
Occurs when an organism reduces its response to a stimulusS
Sensitization
Occurs when an organism increasees its response to a stimulus
Four molecular targets involved in sensitization
- Seretonin from interneorun binds to GPCRs on sensory neuron
2.GPCR activation increases second messenger cAMP levels - cAMP activates kinase PKA which facilitates neurotransmitter release
- PKA activates transcription factor CREB to induce gene expression for long-term sensitization
Long term habituation and sensitization
Number, size, and vesicle complement of active zones increases during sensitization and decreases during habituation
