Settlements

Question 1

Define settlement

Answer 1

The place where people live/work

Question 2

Define site

Answer 2

The actual location where the settlement is built

Question 3

Define situation

Answer 3

Location related to paces & features

Question 4

What is a wet point site?

Answer 4

A site where there is a river or other type of water source

Question 5

What is a defensive site?

Answer 5

High land which has a strategic advantages to see enemies advancing

Question 6

What is relief?

Answer 6

Altitude and gradient of the slopes

Question 7

What relief is beneficial to the growth of a settlement?

Answer 7

Flat land - easy to build on

Question 8

What resources are useful for settlemetns

Answer 8

Wood, coal, precious materials

Question 9

What is the aspect?

Answer 9

The direction a slope faces in relation to the sun

Question 10

Name the settlement hierarchy

Answer 10

Question 11

What services would a hamlet have?

Answer 11

Phone box and a few houses

Question 12

What services would a village have?

Answer 12

Small shops, a church, a post office

Question 13

What services does a small town have?

Answer 13

Primary school, supermarket, library, bank, hotel

Question 14

What servies doees a large town have?

Answer 14

Shopping centre, secondary school, college, cinema, sports centre

Question 15

What services does a city have?

Answer 15

Department store, cathedral, uni, airport

Question 16

Why is the settlement hierachy a pyramid?

Answer 16

The higher up the settlment, there are fewer of them

Question 17

How does the population change as you go up the settlement hierarcy?

Answer 17

It increases

Question 18

Define a nucleated settlement

Answer 18

A settlment developed around a certain point

Question 19

Define a dispersed settlement

Answer 19

Small settlements with buildings that are far apart

Question 20

Define a linear settlement

Answer 20

A settlement that has developed along a line (road, railway, river canal)

Question 21

What is the sphere of influence?

Answer 21

The surrounding area which that settlement serves

Question 22

What affects the sphere of influence?

Answer 22

Type and number of services

Transport links to the settlements

Question 23

What services are found in rural settlements?

Answer 23

Low order services & convenience goods

Question 24

What are low order services?

Answer 24

Things that people use often (small grocery store)

Question 25

What are convenience goods?

Answer 25

Goods that are often needed (milk, bread)

Question 26

What are middle order services?

Answer 26

Services needed every month or so e.g hairdressers

Question 27

What services do urban settlements tend to have?

Answer 27

High order services and comparison goods

Question 28

What are high order services?

Answer 28

Services need less often (eletrical store)

Question 29

What are comparison goods?

Answer 29

Goods that are needed less often. People will travel further and will compare prices and brands

Question 30

What is the range of a service?

Answer 30

The distance a person would be prepared to travel to get there

Question 31

What is a threshold population?

Answer 31

The minimum amount of potential customers needed for a service

Question 32

What is the burgess model?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What is the Hoyt model?

Answer 33

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Question 34

What are the main characteristics of the CBD?

Answer 34

* Good transport links * Commercial center * Public buildings

Question 35

Name some characteristics of the inner city

Answer 35

* 19th century low-class terraced housing * Factories * Canals & railways

Question 36

Why is the inner city called the twilight zone?

Answer 36

It is the transition between the CBD and the suburbs

Question 37

What is the rural-urban fringe?

Answer 37

Where the urban area meets the countryside

Question 38

What do people use the rural-urban fringe for?

Answer 38

* Industrial estates * Infrastructure * New housing

Question 39

What is the environmental pressures on using the rural-urban fringe?

Answer 39

* Damage to the habitats of animals * Pollution due to increased traffic

Question 40

What are the economic benefits of the Rural-urban fringe?

Answer 40

* More jobs * Increases revenue * More money in local economy

Question 41

What is the urban land use model of a LEDC?

Answer 41

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Question 42

How was the wealth created in LEDC?

Answer 42

Colonial wealth and traders

Question 43

How was wealth created in MEDCs?

Answer 43

Industrial revolution

Question 44

Define a shanty town (favela in Brazil)

Answer 44

Area of poorly-built, low cost and often illegal housing found in and around LEDCs

Question 45

Where are shanty towns usually found?

Answer 45

Edge of cities or wherever land is not used (due to flood or landslide risk)

Question 46

What are the push factors of the favelas?

Answer 46

* No jobs * Mechanisation takes peoples jobs * Poor schools and hospitals * High crime rates

Question 47

What are the pull factors of favelas from the rural areas?

Answer 47

* Better transport * More houses and better quality * Better transport and communications

Question 48

What benefits do local government improved favelas have for local residents?

Answer 48

* Gain legal ownership of house * Improved houses * Better sanitation * Safer electricity connections

Question 49

What benefits do local government improved favelas have for the goverment?

Answer 49

* Labour is free * Residents pay taxes * Reduced crime rates

Question 50

What can rapid urbanisation and urban growth can lead to?

Answer 50

* Congestion * Pollution * Unemployment * Crime

Question 51

What is the commuter belt?

Answer 51

Areas of residential land use where people travel from to their work place

Question 52

What is a greenfield site?

Answer 52

Land that has never been built on before (usually agriculture)

Question 53

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 53

Land that has been built on previously but has been left abandoned and often become derelict

Question 54

Define derelict

Answer 54

Land that has been abandoned and often become run down

Question 55

What are the advantages of greenfield sites?

Answer 55

* Land has never been polluted * Good transport links * Easier to sell houses * Less congestion

Question 56

What are the disadvantages of a greenfield sites?

Answer 56

* Conflict with other land owners * Government now protects them * Less public transport

Question 57

What are the advantages of brownfield sites?

Answer 57

* Cheap * Near the CBD * Better public transport * Gov. supports building here

Question 58

What are the disadvantages of brownfield sites?

Answer 58

* Polluted - clear up necessary * Not always an ideal location * Limited room