Settlements Flashcards
Define settlement
The place where people live/work
Define site
The actual location where the settlement is built
Define situation
Location related to paces & features
What is a wet point site?
A site where there is a river or other type of water source
What is a defensive site?
High land which has a strategic advantages to see enemies advancing
What is relief?
Altitude and gradient of the slopes
What relief is beneficial to the growth of a settlement?
Flat land - easy to build on
What resources are useful for settlemetns
Wood, coal, precious materials
What is the aspect?
The direction a slope faces in relation to the sun
Name the settlement hierarchy
What services would a hamlet have?
Phone box and a few houses
What services would a village have?
Small shops, a church, a post office
What services does a small town have?
Primary school, supermarket, library, bank, hotel
What servies doees a large town have?
Shopping centre, secondary school, college, cinema, sports centre
What services does a city have?
Department store, cathedral, uni, airport
Why is the settlement hierachy a pyramid?
The higher up the settlment, there are fewer of them
How does the population change as you go up the settlement hierarcy?
It increases
Define a nucleated settlement
A settlment developed around a certain point
Define a dispersed settlement
Small settlements with buildings that are far apart
Define a linear settlement
A settlement that has developed along a line (road, railway, river canal)
What is the sphere of influence?
The surrounding area which that settlement serves
What affects the sphere of influence?
Type and number of services
Transport links to the settlements
What services are found in rural settlements?
Low order services & convenience goods
What are low order services?
Things that people use often (small grocery store)
What are convenience goods?
Goods that are often needed (milk, bread)
What are middle order services?
Services needed every month or so e.g hairdressers
What services do urban settlements tend to have?
High order services and comparison goods
What are high order services?
Services need less often (eletrical store)
What are comparison goods?
Goods that are needed less often. People will travel further and will compare prices and brands
What is the range of a service?
The distance a person would be prepared to travel to get there
What is a threshold population?
The minimum amount of potential customers needed for a service
What is the burgess model?
What is the Hoyt model?
What are the main characteristics of the CBD?
- Good transport links
- Commercial center
- Public buildings
Name some characteristics of the inner city
- 19th century low-class terraced housing
- Factories
- Canals & railways
Why is the inner city called the twilight zone?
It is the transition between the CBD and the suburbs
What is the rural-urban fringe?
Where the urban area meets the countryside
What do people use the rural-urban fringe for?
- Industrial estates
- Infrastructure
- New housing
What is the environmental pressures on using the rural-urban fringe?
- Damage to the habitats of animals
- Pollution due to increased traffic
What are the economic benefits of the Rural-urban fringe?
- More jobs
- Increases revenue
- More money in local economy
What is the urban land use model of a LEDC?
How was the wealth created in LEDC?
Colonial wealth and traders
How was wealth created in MEDCs?
Industrial revolution
Define a shanty town (favela in Brazil)
Area of poorly-built, low cost and often illegal housing found in and around LEDCs
Where are shanty towns usually found?
Edge of cities or wherever land is not used (due to flood or landslide risk)
What are the push factors of the favelas?
- No jobs
- Mechanisation takes peoples jobs
- Poor schools and hospitals
- High crime rates
What are the pull factors of favelas from the rural areas?
- Better transport
- More houses and better quality
- Better transport and communications
What benefits do local government improved favelas have for local residents?
- Gain legal ownership of house
- Improved houses
- Better sanitation
- Safer electricity connections
What benefits do local government improved favelas have for the goverment?
- Labour is free
- Residents pay taxes
- Reduced crime rates
What can rapid urbanisation and urban growth can lead to?
- Congestion
- Pollution
- Unemployment
- Crime
What is the commuter belt?
Areas of residential land use where people travel from to their work place
What is a greenfield site?
Land that has never been built on before (usually agriculture)
What is a brownfield site?
Land that has been built on previously but has been left abandoned and often become derelict
Define derelict
Land that has been abandoned and often become run down
What are the advantages of greenfield sites?
- Land has never been polluted
- Good transport links
- Easier to sell houses
- Less congestion
What are the disadvantages of a greenfield sites?
- Conflict with other land owners
- Government now protects them
- Less public transport
What are the advantages of brownfield sites?
- Cheap
- Near the CBD
- Better public transport
- Gov. supports building here
What are the disadvantages of brownfield sites?
- Polluted - clear up necessary
- Not always an ideal location
- Limited room
