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GCSE - Geography (Dave) > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the internal structure of the Earth like, starting from the centre?

A

Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle -> Asthenosphere + Lithosphere
Crust

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2
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

The upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere.

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of plate boundary?

A

Constructive/Divergent
Destructive/Convergent
Conservative/Transform

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4
Q

Explain what happens in a destructive plate boundary in terms of plates.

A

Oceanic plate will subduct (denser) below the continental plate. This melts the oceanic crust and causes it to rise and form a volcano. The friction between plates can cause very strong earthquakes.
Sometimes, when this happens at in the ocean, the same will happen except an island arc forms.

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5
Q

Explain what happens at a constructive plate boundary in terms of plates.

A

The two plates move in opposite directions away from each other and magma rises to fill the resulting gap, creating new crust. In the ocean, this can create a ridge or on land this can result in a volcano.

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6
Q

Explain what happens at a conservative plate boundary in terms of plates.

A

Occurs when two plates slide past each other either the same or opposite direction at different speeds

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7
Q

What causes plates to move?

A

Convection currents in the mantle.

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8
Q

Give an example of a:
Destructive plate boundary
Constructive plate boundary
Conservative plate boundary

A

Destructive: Nazca and South American plate
Constructive: Mid-Atlantic ridge
Conservative: San Andreas fault

(I won’t have included all of them)

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9
Q

What are the two types of volcano?

A

Composite volcano and shield volcano

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10
Q

Explain what a composite volcano is.

A

Steep sided and cone shaped. Made up of layers of ash and lava. Sticky lava that won’t flow very far

Example: Mount Etna

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11
Q

Explain what a shield volcano is.

A

Gently sloping sides and runny lava that will cover a large area. Gases escape easily.

Example: Loa in Hawaii

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12
Q

What is a magma chamber?

A

A large underground pool of magma

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13
Q

What is lava?

A

Magma once it reaches the surface.

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14
Q

What is a crater?

A

Bowl shaped basin at the top of volcano

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15
Q

What is vent?

A

A central tube which magma travels through

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16
Q

What is a secondary cone?

A

Eruptions from other vents may build up secondary comes on the flanks

17
Q

Name 3 things that come out a volcano when it erupts.

A

Ash, steam and gas

18
Q

What is a volcanic bomb?

A

Larger material thrown out by the force of eruption

19
Q

What do seismometers do?

A

They record earth movements

20
Q

What causes earthquakes?

A

Because of plates being under stress and it builds up enough to reach a breaking point.

21
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

A sudden shock wave

22
Q

What are two way to measure the power of an earthquake?

A

Richter scale and magnitude scal

23
Q

What do the Richter scale and magnitude scale measure?

A

Measures the seismic waves during the earthquake

24
Q

What measures the damage done by an earthquake?

A

The Mercalli Scale. Measures intensity.

25
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The rigid outer layer of the Earth, made up of the crust and upper mantle.

26
Q

What is a plate?

A

A section of the crust.

27
Q

Are the inner and outer core solid or liquid?

A

Inner - Solid

Outer - Liquid

28
Q

REMEMBER TO LEARN THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLATES

A

http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/tectonic.htm

29
Q

What are convection currents?

A

Currents in the mantle (asthenosphere) that move the crust around.

30
Q

What are the main differences between oceanic and continental plates?

A 
OCEANIC
• More dense
• Thinner
• Younger
• Basalt
CONTINENTAL 
• Less dense
• Thicker
• Older
• Granite

GCSE - Geography (Dave) (16 decks)

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